Tafsir Les constellations

Verset 1

Qui a été révélée à La Mecque. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux.) L'interprétation du mot Buruj. Allah jure par le ciel et ses Buruj. Les Buruj sont les étoiles géantes, comme Allah dit : تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Béni soit Celui qui a placé dans le ciel des Buruj, et y a placé une grande lampe (le soleil), et une lune éclairante.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah et As-Suddi, ont tous dit : « Al-Buruj sont les étoiles. » Al-Minhal bin `Amr a dit : وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (Par le ciel qui détient les Buruj.) « La belle création. » Ibn Jarir a choisi l'avis qu'il s'agit des positions du soleil et de la lune, qui sont douze Buruj. Le soleil traverse chacune de ces « Burj » (singulier de Buruj) en un mois. La lune traverse chacune de ces Burj en deux jours et un tiers, ce qui fait un total de vingt-huit positions, et elle est cachée pendant deux nuits. L'explication du Jour Promis, du Témoin et du Témoigné. Allah dit : وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (Et par le Jour Promis. Et par le Témoin, et par le Témoigné.) Ibn Abi Hatim a rapporté d'Abu Hurayrah que le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة (Et par le Jour Promis.) (Cela fait référence au Jour du Jugement. (Et par le Témoin.) Cela fait référence au vendredi, et le soleil ne se lève ni ne se couche sur un jour meilleur que le vendredi. Pendant celui-ci, il y a une heure qu'aucun serviteur musulman ne saisit en demandant à Allah quelque bien sans qu'Allah ne le lui donne. Il ne cherche refuge contre aucun

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are the giant stars, as Allah says, تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Blessed is He Who has placed in the heaven Buruj, and has placed therein a great lamp (the sun), and a moon giving light.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are the stars." Al-Minhal bin `Amr said, وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (By the heaven holding the Buruj.) "The beautiful creation." Ibn Jarir chose the view that it means the positions of the sun and the moon, which are twelve Buruj. The sun travels through each one of these "Burj" (singular of Buruj) in one month. The moon travels through each one of these Burj in two-and-a-third days, which makes a total of twenty-eight positions, and it is hidden for two nights. The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (And by the Promised Day. And by the Witness, and by the Witnessed.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة» (And by the Promised Day.)( This refers to the Day of Judgement. (And by the Witness.) This refers to Friday, and the sun does not rise or set on a day that is better than Friday. During it there is an hour that no Muslim servant catches while asking Allah from some good except that Allah will give it to him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except that Allah will protect him. (And by the Witnessed.)( This refers to the day of `Arafah (in Hajj).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded the same Hadith. It has also been recorded as a statement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (to this Hadith). Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, Allah's statement, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ (Cursed were (Qutila) the People of the Ditch (Ukhdud).) meaning, the companions of the Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means ditches in the ground. This is information about a group of people who were among the disbelievers. They went after those among them who believed in Allah and they attempted to force them to give up their religion. However, the believers refused to recant, so they dug a ditch for them in the ground. Then they lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order to keep it ablaze. Then they tried to convince them (the believers) to apostate from their religion (again), but they still refused them. So they threw them into the fire. Thus, Allah says, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers.) meaning, they were witnesses to what was done to these believers. Allah said, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise!) meaning, they did not commit any sin according to these people, except for their faith in Allah the Almighty, Who does not treat unjustly those who desire to be with Him. He is the Most Mighty and Most Praiseworthy in all of His statements, actions, legislation, and decrees. He decreed what happened to these servants of His at the hands of the disbelievers - and He is the Most Mighty, the Most Praiseworthy - even though the reason for this decree is unknown to many people. Then Allah says, الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth!) Among His perfect Attributes is that He is the Owner of all of the heavens, the earth, whatever is in them, and whatever is between them. وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (And Allah is Witness over everything.) meaning, nothing is concealed from Him in all of the heavens and the earth, nor is anything hidden from Him. The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ وَكَانَ لَهُ سَاحِرٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ السَّاحِرُ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنِّي قَدْ كَبُرَ سِنِّي وَحَضَرَ أَجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غُلَامًا لِأُعَلِّمَهُ السِّحْرَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُلَامًا فَكَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ، وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فَأَعْجَبَهُ نَحْوُهُ وَكَلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإِذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذلِكَ إِلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَـقَالَ: إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّاحِرُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَظِيعَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَجُوزُوا. فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَـقَالَ: اللْهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ وَأَرْضَى مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ فَاقْتُلْ هذِهِ الدَّابَّةَ حَتْى يَجُوزَ النَّاسُ، ورَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا وَمَضَى النَّاسُ. (Among the people who came before you, there was a king who had a sorcerer, and when that sorcerer became old, he said to the king, "I have become old and my time is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can teach magic." So, he sent him a boy and the sorcerer taught him magic. Whenever the boy went to the sorcerer, he sat with a monk who was on the way and listened to his speech and admired them. So, when he went to the sorcerer, he passed by the monk and sat there with him; and on visiting the sorcerer the latter would thrash him. So, the boy complained about this to the monk. The monk said to him, "Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer, say to him: `My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy."' So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were unable to pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whether the sorcerer is better or the monk is better." So, he took a stone and said, "O Allah! If the deeds and actions of the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road)." Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by on the road. فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّاهِبَ بِذلِكَ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ مِنِّي وَإِنَّكَ سَتُبْتَلَى، فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلَا تَدُلَّ عَلَيَّ، فَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ يُبْرِىءُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَيَشْفِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ فَعَمِيَ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ بِهَدَايَا كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اشْفِنِي وَلَكَ مَا ههُنَا أَجْمَعُ، فَـقَالَ: مَا أَنَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا، إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَشَفَاكَ، فَآمَنَ فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ. The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk said to him, "O my son! Today you are better than I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me." The boy used to treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a number of gifts for the boy and said, "All these gifts are for you on the condition that you cure me." The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you." So, he believed in and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَلِكَ فَجَلَسَ مِنْهُ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ: يَا فُلَانُ، مَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ بَصَرَكَ؟ فَـقَالَ: رَبِّي. فَـقَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ سِحْرِكَ أَنْ تُبْرِىءَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَهذِهِ الْأَدْوَاءَ قَالَ: مَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: أَوَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَيْضًا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِالرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَعْمَى: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَام: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ إِلى جَبَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ ذُرْوَتَهُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإِلَّا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلَوْا بِهِ الْجَبَلَ قَالَ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَرَجَفَ بِهِمُ الْجَبَلُ فَدُهْدِهُوا أَجْمَعُونَ، وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا لَجَجْتُمْ بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَغَرِّقُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَلَجَّجُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَـقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَغَرِقُوا أَجْمَعُونَ. Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he used to sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight" The courtier replied, "My Lord." The king then said, "I did" The courtier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah" The king said, "Do you have another Lord beside me" The courtier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah." The king tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy. So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, "O boy! Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital blindness, leprosy and other diseases" He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure." The king said, "Me" The boy replied, "No." The king asked, "Do you have another Lord besides me" The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah." So, he tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk was brought to him and the king said to him, "Abandon your religion." The monk refused and so the king ordered a saw to be brought which was placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then it was said to the man who used to be blind, "Abandon your religion." He refused to do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then the boy was brought and it was said to him, "Abandon your religion." He refused and so the king sent him to the top of such and such mountain with some people. He told the people, "Ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its peak, then see if he abandons his religion; otherwise throw him from the top." They took him and when they ascended to the top, he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that You wish." So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came back walking to the king. The king said, "What did your companions (the people I sent with you) do" The boy said, "Allah saved me from them." So, the king ordered some people to take the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him." So, they took him out to sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that you wish." So they were all drowned in the sea. وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ حَتْى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَـقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِقَاتِلي حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قَتْلِي، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ تَصْلُبُنِي عَلَى جِذْع وَتَأْخُذُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي، ثُمَّ قُلْ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ. فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذلِكَ قَـتَلْتَنِـي. فَفَعَلَ وَوَضَعَ السَّهْمَ فِي كَبِدِ قَوْسِهِ ثُمَّ رَمَاهُ وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِهِ، فَوَضَعَ الْغُلَامُ يَدَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِع السَّهْم وَمَاتَ، فَـقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلَام. فَقِيلَ لِلْمَلِكِ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ؟ فَقَدْ وَاللهِ نَزَلَ بِكَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ، فَخُدَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَخَادِيدُ وَأُضْرِمَتْ فِيهَا النِّيرَانُ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَدَعُوهُ، وَإِلَّا فَأَقْحِمُوهُ فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَكَانُوا يَتَعَادُّونَ فِيهَا وَيَتَدَافَعُونَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرأَةٌ بابْنٍ لَهَا تُرْضِعُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهَا تَقَاعَسَتْ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِي النَّارِ فَـقَالَ الصَّبِيُّ: اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهْ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَق» Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, "What did your companions do" The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from them." Then he said to the king, "You will not be able to kill me until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able to kill me." The king asked, "And what is that" The boy said, "Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.' If you do this, you will be able to kill me." So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow, he shot it, saying, "In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy." The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in the Lord of the boy!" Then it was said to the king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have believed (in the Lord of the boy)." So he ordered that ditches be dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in them. Then the king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the fire." They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire, so her baby said to her, "Be patient mother! For verily, you are following the truth!") Muslim also recorded this Hadith at the end of the Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar related this story in his book of Sirah in another way that has some differences from that which has just been related. Then, after Ibn Ishaq explained that the people of Najran began following the religion of the boy after his murder, which was the religion of Christianity, he said, "Then (the king) Dhu Nuwas came to them with his army and called them to Judaism. He gave them a choice to either accept Judaism or be killed, so they chose death. Thus, he had a ditch dug and burned (some of them) in the fire (in the ditch), while others he killed with the sword. He made an example of them (by slaughtering them) until he had killed almost twenty thousand of them. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army that Allah revealed to His Messenger : قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ - وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ - الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers. And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise! To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And Allah is Witness over everything.) (85:4-9)" This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- that the one who killed the People of the Ditch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur`ah. In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him, but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrote to An-Najashi, the King of Abyssinia. So, he sent with him an army of Abyssinian Christians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from the hands of the Jews. Dhu Nuwas tried to flee but eventually fell into the sea and drowned. After this, the kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christian power for seventy years. Then the power was divested from the Christians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, the king of Persia sent an army there (to Yemen). He (the king) sent with him (Sayf Al-Himyari) those people who were in the prisons, and they were close to seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen with them and returned the kingdom back to the people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will mention a portion of this -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss the Tafsir of the Surah: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَـبِ الْفِيلِ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant) (105:1) The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُواْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Verily, those who put into trial the believing men and believing women,) meaning, they burned (them). This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُواْ (and then do not turn in repentance,) meaning, `they do not cease from what they are doing, and do not regret what they had done before.' فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ (then they will have the torment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the burning Fire.) This is because the recompense is based upon the type of deed performed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Look at this generosity and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He still invites them to make repentance and seek forgiveness."

📜 Texte arabe source

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى جل ثناؤه وتقدست أسماؤه: وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (1)

قال أبو جعفر رحمه الله: قوله: ( وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ ) أقسم الله جلّ ثناؤه بالسماء ذات البروج.

واختلف أهل التأويل في معنى البروج في هذا الموضع، فقال بعضهم: عُنِي بذلك: والسماء ذات القصور. قالوا: والبروج: القصور.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثنى أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس ( وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ ) قال ابن عباس: قصور في السماء، قال غيره: بل هي الكواكب.

حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( الْبُرُوجِ ) يزعمون أنها قصور في السماء، ويقال: هي الكواكب.

وقال آخرون: عُنِي بذلك: والسماء ذات النجوم، وقالوا: نجومها: بروجها.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى، وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعًا، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد في قول الله: ( ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ ) قال: البروج: النجوم.

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن ابن أبي نجيح ( وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ ) قال: النجوم.

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ ) وبروجها: نجومها.

وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: والسماء ذات الرمل والماء.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني الحسن بن قزعة، قال: ثنا حصين بن نمير، عن سفيان بن حسين، في قوله: ( وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ ) قال: ذات الرمل والماء.

وأولى الأقوال في ذلك بالصواب أن يقال: معنى ذلك: والسماء ذات منازل الشمس والقمر، وذلك أن البروج جمع برج، وهي منازل تتخذ عالية عن الأرض مرتفعة، ومن ذلك قول الله: وَلَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُرُوجٍ مُشَيَّدَةٍ هي منازل مرتفعة عالية في السماء، وهي اثنا عشر برجًا، فمسير القمر في كلّ برج منها يومان وثلث، فذلك ثمانية وعشرون منـزلا ثم يستسرّ ليلتين، ومسير الشمس في كلّ برج منها شهر.

Verset 2

Qui a été révélée à La Mecque. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux.) L'interprétation du mot Buruj. Allah jure par le ciel et ses Buruj. Les Buruj sont les étoiles géantes, comme Allah dit : تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Béni soit Celui qui a placé dans le ciel des Buruj, et y a placé une grande lampe (le soleil), et une lune éclairante.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah et As-Suddi, ont tous dit : « Al-Buruj sont les étoiles. » Al-Minhal bin `Amr a dit : وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (Par le ciel qui détient les Buruj.) « La belle création. » Ibn Jarir a choisi l'avis qu'il s'agit des positions du soleil et de la lune, qui sont douze Buruj. Le soleil traverse chacune de ces « Burj » (singulier de Buruj) en un mois. La lune traverse chacune de ces Burj en deux jours et un tiers, ce qui fait un total de vingt-huit positions, et elle est cachée pendant deux nuits. L'explication du Jour Promis, du Témoin et du Témoigné. Allah dit : وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (Et par le Jour Promis. Et par le Témoin, et par le Témoigné.) Ibn Abi Hatim a rapporté d'Abu Hurayrah que le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة (Et par le Jour Promis.) (Cela fait référence au Jour du Jugement. (Et par le Témoin.) Cela fait référence au vendredi, et le soleil ne se lève ni ne se couche sur un jour meilleur que le vendredi. Pendant celui-ci, il y a une heure qu'aucun serviteur musulman ne saisit en demandant à Allah quelque bien sans qu'Allah ne le lui donne. Il ne cherche refuge contre aucun

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are the giant stars, as Allah says, تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Blessed is He Who has placed in the heaven Buruj, and has placed therein a great lamp (the sun), and a moon giving light.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are the stars." Al-Minhal bin `Amr said, وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (By the heaven holding the Buruj.) "The beautiful creation." Ibn Jarir chose the view that it means the positions of the sun and the moon, which are twelve Buruj. The sun travels through each one of these "Burj" (singular of Buruj) in one month. The moon travels through each one of these Burj in two-and-a-third days, which makes a total of twenty-eight positions, and it is hidden for two nights. The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (And by the Promised Day. And by the Witness, and by the Witnessed.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة» (And by the Promised Day.)( This refers to the Day of Judgement. (And by the Witness.) This refers to Friday, and the sun does not rise or set on a day that is better than Friday. During it there is an hour that no Muslim servant catches while asking Allah from some good except that Allah will give it to him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except that Allah will protect him. (And by the Witnessed.)( This refers to the day of `Arafah (in Hajj).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded the same Hadith. It has also been recorded as a statement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (to this Hadith). Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, Allah's statement, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ (Cursed were (Qutila) the People of the Ditch (Ukhdud).) meaning, the companions of the Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means ditches in the ground. This is information about a group of people who were among the disbelievers. They went after those among them who believed in Allah and they attempted to force them to give up their religion. However, the believers refused to recant, so they dug a ditch for them in the ground. Then they lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order to keep it ablaze. Then they tried to convince them (the believers) to apostate from their religion (again), but they still refused them. So they threw them into the fire. Thus, Allah says, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers.) meaning, they were witnesses to what was done to these believers. Allah said, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise!) meaning, they did not commit any sin according to these people, except for their faith in Allah the Almighty, Who does not treat unjustly those who desire to be with Him. He is the Most Mighty and Most Praiseworthy in all of His statements, actions, legislation, and decrees. He decreed what happened to these servants of His at the hands of the disbelievers - and He is the Most Mighty, the Most Praiseworthy - even though the reason for this decree is unknown to many people. Then Allah says, الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth!) Among His perfect Attributes is that He is the Owner of all of the heavens, the earth, whatever is in them, and whatever is between them. وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (And Allah is Witness over everything.) meaning, nothing is concealed from Him in all of the heavens and the earth, nor is anything hidden from Him. The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ وَكَانَ لَهُ سَاحِرٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ السَّاحِرُ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنِّي قَدْ كَبُرَ سِنِّي وَحَضَرَ أَجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غُلَامًا لِأُعَلِّمَهُ السِّحْرَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُلَامًا فَكَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ، وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فَأَعْجَبَهُ نَحْوُهُ وَكَلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإِذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذلِكَ إِلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَـقَالَ: إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّاحِرُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَظِيعَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَجُوزُوا. فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَـقَالَ: اللْهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ وَأَرْضَى مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ فَاقْتُلْ هذِهِ الدَّابَّةَ حَتْى يَجُوزَ النَّاسُ، ورَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا وَمَضَى النَّاسُ. (Among the people who came before you, there was a king who had a sorcerer, and when that sorcerer became old, he said to the king, "I have become old and my time is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can teach magic." So, he sent him a boy and the sorcerer taught him magic. Whenever the boy went to the sorcerer, he sat with a monk who was on the way and listened to his speech and admired them. So, when he went to the sorcerer, he passed by the monk and sat there with him; and on visiting the sorcerer the latter would thrash him. So, the boy complained about this to the monk. The monk said to him, "Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer, say to him: `My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy."' So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were unable to pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whether the sorcerer is better or the monk is better." So, he took a stone and said, "O Allah! If the deeds and actions of the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road)." Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by on the road. فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّاهِبَ بِذلِكَ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ مِنِّي وَإِنَّكَ سَتُبْتَلَى، فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلَا تَدُلَّ عَلَيَّ، فَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ يُبْرِىءُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَيَشْفِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ فَعَمِيَ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ بِهَدَايَا كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اشْفِنِي وَلَكَ مَا ههُنَا أَجْمَعُ، فَـقَالَ: مَا أَنَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا، إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَشَفَاكَ، فَآمَنَ فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ. The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk said to him, "O my son! Today you are better than I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me." The boy used to treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a number of gifts for the boy and said, "All these gifts are for you on the condition that you cure me." The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you." So, he believed in and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَلِكَ فَجَلَسَ مِنْهُ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ: يَا فُلَانُ، مَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ بَصَرَكَ؟ فَـقَالَ: رَبِّي. فَـقَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ سِحْرِكَ أَنْ تُبْرِىءَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَهذِهِ الْأَدْوَاءَ قَالَ: مَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: أَوَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَيْضًا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِالرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَعْمَى: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَام: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ إِلى جَبَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ ذُرْوَتَهُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإِلَّا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلَوْا بِهِ الْجَبَلَ قَالَ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَرَجَفَ بِهِمُ الْجَبَلُ فَدُهْدِهُوا أَجْمَعُونَ، وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا لَجَجْتُمْ بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَغَرِّقُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَلَجَّجُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَـقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَغَرِقُوا أَجْمَعُونَ. Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he used to sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight" The courtier replied, "My Lord." The king then said, "I did" The courtier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah" The king said, "Do you have another Lord beside me" The courtier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah." The king tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy. So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, "O boy! Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital blindness, leprosy and other diseases" He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure." The king said, "Me" The boy replied, "No." The king asked, "Do you have another Lord besides me" The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah." So, he tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk was brought to him and the king said to him, "Abandon your religion." The monk refused and so the king ordered a saw to be brought which was placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then it was said to the man who used to be blind, "Abandon your religion." He refused to do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then the boy was brought and it was said to him, "Abandon your religion." He refused and so the king sent him to the top of such and such mountain with some people. He told the people, "Ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its peak, then see if he abandons his religion; otherwise throw him from the top." They took him and when they ascended to the top, he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that You wish." So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came back walking to the king. The king said, "What did your companions (the people I sent with you) do" The boy said, "Allah saved me from them." So, the king ordered some people to take the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him." So, they took him out to sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that you wish." So they were all drowned in the sea. وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ حَتْى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَـقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِقَاتِلي حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قَتْلِي، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ تَصْلُبُنِي عَلَى جِذْع وَتَأْخُذُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي، ثُمَّ قُلْ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ. فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذلِكَ قَـتَلْتَنِـي. فَفَعَلَ وَوَضَعَ السَّهْمَ فِي كَبِدِ قَوْسِهِ ثُمَّ رَمَاهُ وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِهِ، فَوَضَعَ الْغُلَامُ يَدَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِع السَّهْم وَمَاتَ، فَـقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلَام. فَقِيلَ لِلْمَلِكِ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ؟ فَقَدْ وَاللهِ نَزَلَ بِكَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ، فَخُدَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَخَادِيدُ وَأُضْرِمَتْ فِيهَا النِّيرَانُ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَدَعُوهُ، وَإِلَّا فَأَقْحِمُوهُ فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَكَانُوا يَتَعَادُّونَ فِيهَا وَيَتَدَافَعُونَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرأَةٌ بابْنٍ لَهَا تُرْضِعُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهَا تَقَاعَسَتْ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِي النَّارِ فَـقَالَ الصَّبِيُّ: اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهْ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَق» Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, "What did your companions do" The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from them." Then he said to the king, "You will not be able to kill me until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able to kill me." The king asked, "And what is that" The boy said, "Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.' If you do this, you will be able to kill me." So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow, he shot it, saying, "In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy." The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in the Lord of the boy!" Then it was said to the king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have believed (in the Lord of the boy)." So he ordered that ditches be dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in them. Then the king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the fire." They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire, so her baby said to her, "Be patient mother! For verily, you are following the truth!") Muslim also recorded this Hadith at the end of the Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar related this story in his book of Sirah in another way that has some differences from that which has just been related. Then, after Ibn Ishaq explained that the people of Najran began following the religion of the boy after his murder, which was the religion of Christianity, he said, "Then (the king) Dhu Nuwas came to them with his army and called them to Judaism. He gave them a choice to either accept Judaism or be killed, so they chose death. Thus, he had a ditch dug and burned (some of them) in the fire (in the ditch), while others he killed with the sword. He made an example of them (by slaughtering them) until he had killed almost twenty thousand of them. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army that Allah revealed to His Messenger : قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ - وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ - الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers. And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise! To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And Allah is Witness over everything.) (85:4-9)" This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- that the one who killed the People of the Ditch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur`ah. In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him, but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrote to An-Najashi, the King of Abyssinia. So, he sent with him an army of Abyssinian Christians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from the hands of the Jews. Dhu Nuwas tried to flee but eventually fell into the sea and drowned. After this, the kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christian power for seventy years. Then the power was divested from the Christians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, the king of Persia sent an army there (to Yemen). He (the king) sent with him (Sayf Al-Himyari) those people who were in the prisons, and they were close to seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen with them and returned the kingdom back to the people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will mention a portion of this -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss the Tafsir of the Surah: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَـبِ الْفِيلِ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant) (105:1) The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُواْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Verily, those who put into trial the believing men and believing women,) meaning, they burned (them). This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُواْ (and then do not turn in repentance,) meaning, `they do not cease from what they are doing, and do not regret what they had done before.' فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ (then they will have the torment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the burning Fire.) This is because the recompense is based upon the type of deed performed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Look at this generosity and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He still invites them to make repentance and seek forgiveness."

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وأقسم باليوم الذي وعدته عبادي لفصل القضاء بينهم، وذلك يوم القيامة.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل، وجاء الخبر عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا أبو كريب، قال: ثنا ابن نمير وإسحاق الرازي، عن موسى بن عبيدة، عن أيوب بن خالد، عن عبد الله بن رافع، عن أبي هريرة، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " الْيَوْمُ الْمَوْعُودُ: يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ" .

قال: ثنا وكيع، عن موسى بن عبيدة، عن أيوب بن خالد، عن عبد الله بن رافع، عن أبي هريرة، عن النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، مثله.

حدثنا يعقوب، قال: ثنا ابن علية، قال: ثنا يونس، قال: أنبأني عمار، قال: قال أبو هريرة: " الْيَوْمُ الْمَوْعُودُ: يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ". قال يونس، وكذلك الحسن.

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ ) يعني: يوم القيامة.

حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، في قوله: ( وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ ) قال: القيامة.

حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد: ( الْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ ) يوم القيامة.

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن يونس بن عبيد، عن عمار بن أبي عمار، مولى بني هاشم، عن أبي هريرة ( وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ ) يوم القيامة.

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن موسى بن عبيدة، عن أيوب بن خالد، عن عبد الله بن رافع، عن أبي هريرة، عن النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: " الْيَوْمُ الْمَوْعُودُ: يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ" .

حدثنا محمد بن عوف، قال: ثنا محمد بن إسماعيل بن عياش، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني ضمضم بن زرعة، عن شريح بن عبيد، عن أبي مالك الأشعريّ، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "( الْيَوْمُ الْمَوْعُودُ ) يوم القيامة " .

Verset 3

Qui a été révélée à La Mecque. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux.) L'interprétation du mot Buruj. Allah jure par le ciel et ses Buruj. Les Buruj sont les étoiles géantes, comme Allah dit : تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Béni soit Celui qui a placé dans le ciel des Buruj, et y a placé une grande lampe (le soleil), et une lune éclairante.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah et As-Suddi, ont tous dit : « Al-Buruj sont les étoiles. » Al-Minhal bin `Amr a dit : وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (Par le ciel qui détient les Buruj.) « La belle création. » Ibn Jarir a choisi l'avis qu'il s'agit des positions du soleil et de la lune, qui sont douze Buruj. Le soleil traverse chacune de ces « Burj » (singulier de Buruj) en un mois. La lune traverse chacune de ces Burj en deux jours et un tiers, ce qui fait un total de vingt-huit positions, et elle est cachée pendant deux nuits. L'explication du Jour Promis, du Témoin et du Témoigné. Allah dit : وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (Et par le Jour Promis. Et par le Témoin, et par le Témoigné.) Ibn Abi Hatim a rapporté d'Abu Hurayrah que le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة (Et par le Jour Promis.) (Cela fait référence au Jour du Jugement. (Et par le Témoin.) Cela fait référence au vendredi, et le soleil ne se lève ni ne se couche sur un jour meilleur que le vendredi. Pendant celui-ci, il y a une heure qu'aucun serviteur musulman ne saisit en demandant à Allah quelque bien sans qu'Allah ne le lui donne. Il ne cherche refuge contre aucun

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are the giant stars, as Allah says, تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Blessed is He Who has placed in the heaven Buruj, and has placed therein a great lamp (the sun), and a moon giving light.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are the stars." Al-Minhal bin `Amr said, وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (By the heaven holding the Buruj.) "The beautiful creation." Ibn Jarir chose the view that it means the positions of the sun and the moon, which are twelve Buruj. The sun travels through each one of these "Burj" (singular of Buruj) in one month. The moon travels through each one of these Burj in two-and-a-third days, which makes a total of twenty-eight positions, and it is hidden for two nights. The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (And by the Promised Day. And by the Witness, and by the Witnessed.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة» (And by the Promised Day.)( This refers to the Day of Judgement. (And by the Witness.) This refers to Friday, and the sun does not rise or set on a day that is better than Friday. During it there is an hour that no Muslim servant catches while asking Allah from some good except that Allah will give it to him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except that Allah will protect him. (And by the Witnessed.)( This refers to the day of `Arafah (in Hajj).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded the same Hadith. It has also been recorded as a statement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (to this Hadith). Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, Allah's statement, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ (Cursed were (Qutila) the People of the Ditch (Ukhdud).) meaning, the companions of the Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means ditches in the ground. This is information about a group of people who were among the disbelievers. They went after those among them who believed in Allah and they attempted to force them to give up their religion. However, the believers refused to recant, so they dug a ditch for them in the ground. Then they lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order to keep it ablaze. Then they tried to convince them (the believers) to apostate from their religion (again), but they still refused them. So they threw them into the fire. Thus, Allah says, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers.) meaning, they were witnesses to what was done to these believers. Allah said, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise!) meaning, they did not commit any sin according to these people, except for their faith in Allah the Almighty, Who does not treat unjustly those who desire to be with Him. He is the Most Mighty and Most Praiseworthy in all of His statements, actions, legislation, and decrees. He decreed what happened to these servants of His at the hands of the disbelievers - and He is the Most Mighty, the Most Praiseworthy - even though the reason for this decree is unknown to many people. Then Allah says, الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth!) Among His perfect Attributes is that He is the Owner of all of the heavens, the earth, whatever is in them, and whatever is between them. وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (And Allah is Witness over everything.) meaning, nothing is concealed from Him in all of the heavens and the earth, nor is anything hidden from Him. The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ وَكَانَ لَهُ سَاحِرٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ السَّاحِرُ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنِّي قَدْ كَبُرَ سِنِّي وَحَضَرَ أَجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غُلَامًا لِأُعَلِّمَهُ السِّحْرَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُلَامًا فَكَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ، وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فَأَعْجَبَهُ نَحْوُهُ وَكَلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإِذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذلِكَ إِلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَـقَالَ: إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّاحِرُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَظِيعَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَجُوزُوا. فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَـقَالَ: اللْهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ وَأَرْضَى مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ فَاقْتُلْ هذِهِ الدَّابَّةَ حَتْى يَجُوزَ النَّاسُ، ورَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا وَمَضَى النَّاسُ. (Among the people who came before you, there was a king who had a sorcerer, and when that sorcerer became old, he said to the king, "I have become old and my time is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can teach magic." So, he sent him a boy and the sorcerer taught him magic. Whenever the boy went to the sorcerer, he sat with a monk who was on the way and listened to his speech and admired them. So, when he went to the sorcerer, he passed by the monk and sat there with him; and on visiting the sorcerer the latter would thrash him. So, the boy complained about this to the monk. The monk said to him, "Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer, say to him: `My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy."' So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were unable to pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whether the sorcerer is better or the monk is better." So, he took a stone and said, "O Allah! If the deeds and actions of the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road)." Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by on the road. فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّاهِبَ بِذلِكَ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ مِنِّي وَإِنَّكَ سَتُبْتَلَى، فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلَا تَدُلَّ عَلَيَّ، فَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ يُبْرِىءُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَيَشْفِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ فَعَمِيَ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ بِهَدَايَا كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اشْفِنِي وَلَكَ مَا ههُنَا أَجْمَعُ، فَـقَالَ: مَا أَنَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا، إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَشَفَاكَ، فَآمَنَ فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ. The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk said to him, "O my son! Today you are better than I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me." The boy used to treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a number of gifts for the boy and said, "All these gifts are for you on the condition that you cure me." The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you." So, he believed in and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَلِكَ فَجَلَسَ مِنْهُ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ: يَا فُلَانُ، مَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ بَصَرَكَ؟ فَـقَالَ: رَبِّي. فَـقَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ سِحْرِكَ أَنْ تُبْرِىءَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَهذِهِ الْأَدْوَاءَ قَالَ: مَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: أَوَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَيْضًا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِالرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَعْمَى: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَام: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ إِلى جَبَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ ذُرْوَتَهُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإِلَّا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلَوْا بِهِ الْجَبَلَ قَالَ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَرَجَفَ بِهِمُ الْجَبَلُ فَدُهْدِهُوا أَجْمَعُونَ، وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا لَجَجْتُمْ بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَغَرِّقُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَلَجَّجُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَـقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَغَرِقُوا أَجْمَعُونَ. Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he used to sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight" The courtier replied, "My Lord." The king then said, "I did" The courtier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah" The king said, "Do you have another Lord beside me" The courtier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah." The king tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy. So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, "O boy! Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital blindness, leprosy and other diseases" He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure." The king said, "Me" The boy replied, "No." The king asked, "Do you have another Lord besides me" The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah." So, he tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk was brought to him and the king said to him, "Abandon your religion." The monk refused and so the king ordered a saw to be brought which was placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then it was said to the man who used to be blind, "Abandon your religion." He refused to do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then the boy was brought and it was said to him, "Abandon your religion." He refused and so the king sent him to the top of such and such mountain with some people. He told the people, "Ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its peak, then see if he abandons his religion; otherwise throw him from the top." They took him and when they ascended to the top, he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that You wish." So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came back walking to the king. The king said, "What did your companions (the people I sent with you) do" The boy said, "Allah saved me from them." So, the king ordered some people to take the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him." So, they took him out to sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that you wish." So they were all drowned in the sea. وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ حَتْى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَـقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِقَاتِلي حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قَتْلِي، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ تَصْلُبُنِي عَلَى جِذْع وَتَأْخُذُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي، ثُمَّ قُلْ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ. فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذلِكَ قَـتَلْتَنِـي. فَفَعَلَ وَوَضَعَ السَّهْمَ فِي كَبِدِ قَوْسِهِ ثُمَّ رَمَاهُ وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِهِ، فَوَضَعَ الْغُلَامُ يَدَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِع السَّهْم وَمَاتَ، فَـقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلَام. فَقِيلَ لِلْمَلِكِ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ؟ فَقَدْ وَاللهِ نَزَلَ بِكَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ، فَخُدَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَخَادِيدُ وَأُضْرِمَتْ فِيهَا النِّيرَانُ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَدَعُوهُ، وَإِلَّا فَأَقْحِمُوهُ فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَكَانُوا يَتَعَادُّونَ فِيهَا وَيَتَدَافَعُونَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرأَةٌ بابْنٍ لَهَا تُرْضِعُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهَا تَقَاعَسَتْ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِي النَّارِ فَـقَالَ الصَّبِيُّ: اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهْ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَق» Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, "What did your companions do" The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from them." Then he said to the king, "You will not be able to kill me until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able to kill me." The king asked, "And what is that" The boy said, "Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.' If you do this, you will be able to kill me." So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow, he shot it, saying, "In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy." The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in the Lord of the boy!" Then it was said to the king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have believed (in the Lord of the boy)." So he ordered that ditches be dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in them. Then the king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the fire." They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire, so her baby said to her, "Be patient mother! For verily, you are following the truth!") Muslim also recorded this Hadith at the end of the Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar related this story in his book of Sirah in another way that has some differences from that which has just been related. Then, after Ibn Ishaq explained that the people of Najran began following the religion of the boy after his murder, which was the religion of Christianity, he said, "Then (the king) Dhu Nuwas came to them with his army and called them to Judaism. He gave them a choice to either accept Judaism or be killed, so they chose death. Thus, he had a ditch dug and burned (some of them) in the fire (in the ditch), while others he killed with the sword. He made an example of them (by slaughtering them) until he had killed almost twenty thousand of them. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army that Allah revealed to His Messenger : قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ - وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ - الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers. And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise! To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And Allah is Witness over everything.) (85:4-9)" This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- that the one who killed the People of the Ditch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur`ah. In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him, but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrote to An-Najashi, the King of Abyssinia. So, he sent with him an army of Abyssinian Christians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from the hands of the Jews. Dhu Nuwas tried to flee but eventually fell into the sea and drowned. After this, the kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christian power for seventy years. Then the power was divested from the Christians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, the king of Persia sent an army there (to Yemen). He (the king) sent with him (Sayf Al-Himyari) those people who were in the prisons, and they were close to seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen with them and returned the kingdom back to the people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will mention a portion of this -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss the Tafsir of the Surah: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَـبِ الْفِيلِ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant) (105:1) The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُواْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Verily, those who put into trial the believing men and believing women,) meaning, they burned (them). This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُواْ (and then do not turn in repentance,) meaning, `they do not cease from what they are doing, and do not regret what they had done before.' فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ (then they will have the torment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the burning Fire.) This is because the recompense is based upon the type of deed performed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Look at this generosity and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He still invites them to make repentance and seek forgiveness."

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) اختلف أهل التأويل في معنى ذلك، فقال بعضهم: معنى ذلك: وأقسم بشاهد، قالوا: وهو يوم الجمعة، ومشهود قالوا: وهو يوم عرفة.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني يعقوب قال: أخبرنا ابن علية، قال: أخبرنا يونس، قال: أنبأني عمار، قال: قال أبو هريرة: الشاهد: يوم الجمعة، والمشهود: يوم عرفة؛ قال يونس، وكذلك قال الحسن.

حدثنا ابن المثنى، قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر، قال: ثنا شعبة، عن أبي إسحاق، قال: سمعت حارثة بن مضرِّب، يحدّث عن عليّ رضى الله عنه أنه قال في هذه الآية ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) قال: يوم الجمعة، ويوم عرفة.

حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) قال: الشاهد يوم الجمعة، والمشهود: يوم عرفة؛ ويقال: الشاهد: الإنسان، والمشهود: يوم القيامة.

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) : يومان عظيمان من أيام الدنيا، كنا نحدّث أن الشاهد يوم الجمعة، والمشهود يوم عرفة.

حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) قال: الشاهد: يوم الجمعة، والمشهود: يوم عرفة.

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن أبي إسحاق، عن الحارث، عن عليّ رضي الله عنه: ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) قال: الشاهد يوم الجمعة، والمشهود: يوم عرفة.

حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله: ( وَشَاهِدٍ ) يوم الجمعة، ( وَمَشْهُودٍ ) : يوم عرفة.

حدثنا أبو كريب، قال ثنا وكيع، عن موسى بن عبيدة، عن أيوب بن خالد، عن عبد الله بن رافع، عن أبي هريرة، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " وَشاَهِدٍ: يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَشْهُودٍ: يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ".

حدثنا أبو كريب، قال: ثنا ابن نمير وإسحاق الرازي، عن موسى بن عبيدة، عن أيوب بن خالد، عن عبد الله بن رافع، عن أبي هريرة، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " الْمَشْهُودُ: يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ، وَالشَّاهِدُ: يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ".

حدثنا سهل بن موسى، قال: ثنا ابن أبي فديك، عن ابن حرملة، عن سعيد أنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " إنَّ سَيدَ الأيَّامِ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَهُوَ الْشَّاهِدُ، وَالْمَشْهُودُ: يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ".

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن موسى بن عبيد، عن أيوب بن خالد، عن عبد الله بن رافع عن أبي هريرة، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: " الْمَشْهُودُ: يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ، وَالْشَّاهِدُ: يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، فِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لا يُوَافِقُهَا مُؤْمِنٌ يَدْعُو اللهَ بِخَيْرٍ إلا اسْتَجَابَ لَهُ، وَلا يَسْتَعِيذُهُ مِنْ شَرٍّ إلا أعَاذَهُ".

حدثني محمد بن عوف، قال: ثنا محمد بن إسماعيل، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني ضمضم بن زرعة، عن شريح بن عبيد، عن أبي مالك الأشعري، قال: قال &; 24-335 &; رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " إنَّ الشَّاهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَإنَّ الْمَشْهُودَ يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ، فَيَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ خِيَرةُ اللهِ لَنَا ".

حدثني سعيد بن الربيع الرازي، قال: ثنا سفيان، عن عبد الرحمن بن حرملة، عن سعيد بن المسيب، قال: سيد الأيام يوم الجمعة، وهو شاهد.

وقال آخرون: الشاهد: محمد، والمشهود: يوم القيامة.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا أبو كريب، قال: ثنا وكيع، عن شعبة، عن عليّ بن زيد، عن يوسف المكيّ، عن ابن عباس قال: الشاهد: محمد، والمشهود: يوم القيامة، ثم قرأ ذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَجْمُوعٌ لَهُ النَّاسُ وَذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ .

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا جرير، عن مغيرة، عن شباك، قال: سأل رجل الحسن بن عليّ، عن ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) قال: سألتَ أحدًا قبلي؟ قال: نعم، سألت ابن عمر وابن الزبير، فقالا يوم الذبح ويوم الجمعة؛ قال: لا ولكن الشاهد: محمد، ثم قرأ: فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلاءِ شَهِيدًا والمشهود: يوم القيامة، ثم قرأ: ذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَجْمُوعٌ لَهُ النَّاسُ وَذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ .

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن جابر، عن أبي الضحى، عن الحسن بن عليّ، قال: الشاهد: محمد، والمشهود: يوم القيامة.

حدثني سعيد بن الربيع، قال: ثنا سفيان، عن عبد الرحمن بن حَرْملة، عن سعيد بن المسيب: ( وَمَشْهُودٍ ) :يوم القيامة.

وقال آخرون: الشاهد: الإنسان، والمشهود: يوم القيامة.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني محمد بن عبيد المحاربيّ، قال: ثنا أسباط، عن عبد الملك، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، في قوله: ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) قال: الشاهد: ابن آدم، والمشهود يوم القيامة.

حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، قوله: ( وشاهد ومشهود ) قال: الإنسان، وقوله: ( ومشهود ) قال: يوم القيامة.

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن ابن أبي نجيح، قال: الشاهد: الإنسان، والمشهود: يوم القيامة.

حدثني يعقوب، قال: ثنا ابن علية، عن خالد الحذّاء، عن عكرِمة، في قوله: ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) قال: شاهد: ابن آدم، ومشهود: يوم القيامة.

حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: أخبرنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( وَشاَهِدٍ ) يعني الإنسان ( وَمَشْهُودٍ ) يوم القيامة، قال الله: وَذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ .

وقال آخرون: الشاهد: محمد، والمشهود: يوم الجمعة.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا يحيى بن واضح، قال: ثنا الحسين، عن يزيد، عن عكرِمة، في قوله: ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) قال: الشاهد: محمد، والمشهود: يوم الجمعة، فذلك قوله: فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلاءِ شَهِيدًا .

وقال آخرون: الشاهد: الله، والمشهود: يوم القيامة.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني عليّ، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، في قوله: ( وَشَاهِدٍ ) يقول الله: ( وَمَشْهُودٍ ) يقول: يوم القيامة.

وقال آخرون: الشاهد: يوم الأضحى، والمشهود: يوم الجمعة.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا جرير، عن مغيرة، عن شباك، قال: سأل رجل الحسن بن عليّ، عن ( َشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) قال: سألت أحدًا قبلي؟ قال: نعم، سألت ابن عمر وابن الزبير، فقالا يوم الذبح، ويوم الجمعة.

وقال آخرون: الشاهد: يوم الأضحى، والمشهود، يوم عَرَفة.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، عن ابن عباس: ( وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ) قال: الشاهد: يوم عرفة، والمشهود: يوم القيامة.

وقال آخرون: المشهود: يوم الجمعة، وَرَوَوْا ذلك عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.

* ذكر الرواية بذلك:

حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الرحمن، قال: ثني عمي عبد الله بن وهب، قال: أخبرني عمرو بن الحارث، عن سعيد بن أبي هلال، عن زيد بن أيمن، عن عبادة بن نسيّ، عن أبي الدرداء، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " أَكْثِرُوا عَليَّ الصَّلاةَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَإِنَّهُ يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ تَشْهَدُهُ الْمَلائِكَةُ".

والصواب من القول في ذلك عندنا: أن يقال: إن الله أقسم بشاهد شهد، ومشهود شهد، ولم يخبرنا مع إقسامه بذلك أيّ شاهد وأيّ مشهود أراد، وكلّ الذي ذكرنا أن العلماء قالوا: هو المعنيّ مما يستحقّ أن يُقال له: ( َشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ ).

Verset 4

Révélé à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. L'interprétation du mot Buruj : Allah jure par le ciel et ses Buruj. Les Buruj sont les étoiles géantes, comme Allah le dit : « Béni soit Celui qui a placé dans le ciel des Buruj, et y a placé une grande lampe (le soleil) et une lune éclairante » (25:61). Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah et As-Suddi ont tous dit : « Al-Buruj sont les étoiles. » Al-Minhal bin `Amr a dit à propos de « Par le ciel qui détient les Buruj » : « La belle création. » Ibn Jarir a choisi l'avis selon lequel cela signifie les positions du soleil et de la lune, qui sont douze Buruj. Le soleil traverse chacun de ces « Burj » (singulier de Buruj) en un mois. La lune traverse chacun de ces Burj en deux jours et un tiers, ce qui fait un total de vingt-huit positions, et elle est cachée pendant deux nuits. L'explication du Jour Promis, du Témoin et du Témoigné : Allah dit : « Et par le Jour Promis. Et par le Témoin, et par le Témoigné. » Ibn Abi Hatim a rapporté d'Abu Hurayrah que le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : « Et par le Jour Promis » (cela fait référence au Jour du Jugement. « Et par le Témoin » (cela fait référence au vendredi, et le soleil ne se lève ni ne se couche sur un jour meilleur que le vendredi. Pendant celui-ci, il y a une heure qu'aucun serviteur musulman ne saisit en demandant à Allah quelque bien sans qu'Allah ne le lui donne. Il ne cherche refuge contre aucun

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are the giant stars, as Allah says, تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Blessed is He Who has placed in the heaven Buruj, and has placed therein a great lamp (the sun), and a moon giving light.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are the stars." Al-Minhal bin `Amr said, وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (By the heaven holding the Buruj.) "The beautiful creation." Ibn Jarir chose the view that it means the positions of the sun and the moon, which are twelve Buruj. The sun travels through each one of these "Burj" (singular of Buruj) in one month. The moon travels through each one of these Burj in two-and-a-third days, which makes a total of twenty-eight positions, and it is hidden for two nights. The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (And by the Promised Day. And by the Witness, and by the Witnessed.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة» (And by the Promised Day.)( This refers to the Day of Judgement. (And by the Witness.) This refers to Friday, and the sun does not rise or set on a day that is better than Friday. During it there is an hour that no Muslim servant catches while asking Allah from some good except that Allah will give it to him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except that Allah will protect him. (And by the Witnessed.)( This refers to the day of `Arafah (in Hajj).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded the same Hadith. It has also been recorded as a statement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (to this Hadith). Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, Allah's statement, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ (Cursed were (Qutila) the People of the Ditch (Ukhdud).) meaning, the companions of the Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means ditches in the ground. This is information about a group of people who were among the disbelievers. They went after those among them who believed in Allah and they attempted to force them to give up their religion. However, the believers refused to recant, so they dug a ditch for them in the ground. Then they lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order to keep it ablaze. Then they tried to convince them (the believers) to apostate from their religion (again), but they still refused them. So they threw them into the fire. Thus, Allah says, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers.) meaning, they were witnesses to what was done to these believers. Allah said, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise!) meaning, they did not commit any sin according to these people, except for their faith in Allah the Almighty, Who does not treat unjustly those who desire to be with Him. He is the Most Mighty and Most Praiseworthy in all of His statements, actions, legislation, and decrees. He decreed what happened to these servants of His at the hands of the disbelievers - and He is the Most Mighty, the Most Praiseworthy - even though the reason for this decree is unknown to many people. Then Allah says, الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth!) Among His perfect Attributes is that He is the Owner of all of the heavens, the earth, whatever is in them, and whatever is between them. وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (And Allah is Witness over everything.) meaning, nothing is concealed from Him in all of the heavens and the earth, nor is anything hidden from Him. The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ وَكَانَ لَهُ سَاحِرٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ السَّاحِرُ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنِّي قَدْ كَبُرَ سِنِّي وَحَضَرَ أَجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غُلَامًا لِأُعَلِّمَهُ السِّحْرَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُلَامًا فَكَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ، وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فَأَعْجَبَهُ نَحْوُهُ وَكَلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإِذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذلِكَ إِلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَـقَالَ: إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّاحِرُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَظِيعَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَجُوزُوا. فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَـقَالَ: اللْهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ وَأَرْضَى مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ فَاقْتُلْ هذِهِ الدَّابَّةَ حَتْى يَجُوزَ النَّاسُ، ورَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا وَمَضَى النَّاسُ. (Among the people who came before you, there was a king who had a sorcerer, and when that sorcerer became old, he said to the king, "I have become old and my time is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can teach magic." So, he sent him a boy and the sorcerer taught him magic. Whenever the boy went to the sorcerer, he sat with a monk who was on the way and listened to his speech and admired them. So, when he went to the sorcerer, he passed by the monk and sat there with him; and on visiting the sorcerer the latter would thrash him. So, the boy complained about this to the monk. The monk said to him, "Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer, say to him: `My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy."' So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were unable to pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whether the sorcerer is better or the monk is better." So, he took a stone and said, "O Allah! If the deeds and actions of the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road)." Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by on the road. فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّاهِبَ بِذلِكَ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ مِنِّي وَإِنَّكَ سَتُبْتَلَى، فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلَا تَدُلَّ عَلَيَّ، فَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ يُبْرِىءُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَيَشْفِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ فَعَمِيَ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ بِهَدَايَا كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اشْفِنِي وَلَكَ مَا ههُنَا أَجْمَعُ، فَـقَالَ: مَا أَنَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا، إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَشَفَاكَ، فَآمَنَ فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ. The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk said to him, "O my son! Today you are better than I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me." The boy used to treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a number of gifts for the boy and said, "All these gifts are for you on the condition that you cure me." The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you." So, he believed in and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَلِكَ فَجَلَسَ مِنْهُ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ: يَا فُلَانُ، مَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ بَصَرَكَ؟ فَـقَالَ: رَبِّي. فَـقَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ سِحْرِكَ أَنْ تُبْرِىءَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَهذِهِ الْأَدْوَاءَ قَالَ: مَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: أَوَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَيْضًا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِالرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَعْمَى: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَام: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ إِلى جَبَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ ذُرْوَتَهُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإِلَّا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلَوْا بِهِ الْجَبَلَ قَالَ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَرَجَفَ بِهِمُ الْجَبَلُ فَدُهْدِهُوا أَجْمَعُونَ، وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا لَجَجْتُمْ بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَغَرِّقُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَلَجَّجُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَـقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَغَرِقُوا أَجْمَعُونَ. Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he used to sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight" The courtier replied, "My Lord." The king then said, "I did" The courtier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah" The king said, "Do you have another Lord beside me" The courtier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah." The king tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy. So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, "O boy! Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital blindness, leprosy and other diseases" He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure." The king said, "Me" The boy replied, "No." The king asked, "Do you have another Lord besides me" The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah." So, he tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk was brought to him and the king said to him, "Abandon your religion." The monk refused and so the king ordered a saw to be brought which was placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then it was said to the man who used to be blind, "Abandon your religion." He refused to do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then the boy was brought and it was said to him, "Abandon your religion." He refused and so the king sent him to the top of such and such mountain with some people. He told the people, "Ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its peak, then see if he abandons his religion; otherwise throw him from the top." They took him and when they ascended to the top, he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that You wish." So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came back walking to the king. The king said, "What did your companions (the people I sent with you) do" The boy said, "Allah saved me from them." So, the king ordered some people to take the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him." So, they took him out to sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that you wish." So they were all drowned in the sea. وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ حَتْى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَـقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِقَاتِلي حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قَتْلِي، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ تَصْلُبُنِي عَلَى جِذْع وَتَأْخُذُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي، ثُمَّ قُلْ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ. فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذلِكَ قَـتَلْتَنِـي. فَفَعَلَ وَوَضَعَ السَّهْمَ فِي كَبِدِ قَوْسِهِ ثُمَّ رَمَاهُ وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِهِ، فَوَضَعَ الْغُلَامُ يَدَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِع السَّهْم وَمَاتَ، فَـقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلَام. فَقِيلَ لِلْمَلِكِ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ؟ فَقَدْ وَاللهِ نَزَلَ بِكَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ، فَخُدَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَخَادِيدُ وَأُضْرِمَتْ فِيهَا النِّيرَانُ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَدَعُوهُ، وَإِلَّا فَأَقْحِمُوهُ فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَكَانُوا يَتَعَادُّونَ فِيهَا وَيَتَدَافَعُونَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرأَةٌ بابْنٍ لَهَا تُرْضِعُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهَا تَقَاعَسَتْ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِي النَّارِ فَـقَالَ الصَّبِيُّ: اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهْ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَق» Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, "What did your companions do" The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from them." Then he said to the king, "You will not be able to kill me until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able to kill me." The king asked, "And what is that" The boy said, "Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.' If you do this, you will be able to kill me." So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow, he shot it, saying, "In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy." The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in the Lord of the boy!" Then it was said to the king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have believed (in the Lord of the boy)." So he ordered that ditches be dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in them. Then the king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the fire." They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire, so her baby said to her, "Be patient mother! For verily, you are following the truth!") Muslim also recorded this Hadith at the end of the Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar related this story in his book of Sirah in another way that has some differences from that which has just been related. Then, after Ibn Ishaq explained that the people of Najran began following the religion of the boy after his murder, which was the religion of Christianity, he said, "Then (the king) Dhu Nuwas came to them with his army and called them to Judaism. He gave them a choice to either accept Judaism or be killed, so they chose death. Thus, he had a ditch dug and burned (some of them) in the fire (in the ditch), while others he killed with the sword. He made an example of them (by slaughtering them) until he had killed almost twenty thousand of them. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army that Allah revealed to His Messenger : قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ - وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ - الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers. And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise! To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And Allah is Witness over everything.) (85:4-9)" This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- that the one who killed the People of the Ditch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur`ah. In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him, but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrote to An-Najashi, the King of Abyssinia. So, he sent with him an army of Abyssinian Christians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from the hands of the Jews. Dhu Nuwas tried to flee but eventually fell into the sea and drowned. After this, the kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christian power for seventy years. Then the power was divested from the Christians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, the king of Persia sent an army there (to Yemen). He (the king) sent with him (Sayf Al-Himyari) those people who were in the prisons, and they were close to seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen with them and returned the kingdom back to the people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will mention a portion of this -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss the Tafsir of the Surah: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَـبِ الْفِيلِ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant) (105:1) The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُواْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Verily, those who put into trial the believing men and believing women,) meaning, they burned (them). This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُواْ (and then do not turn in repentance,) meaning, `they do not cease from what they are doing, and do not regret what they had done before.' فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ (then they will have the torment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the burning Fire.) This is because the recompense is based upon the type of deed performed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Look at this generosity and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He still invites them to make repentance and seek forgiveness."

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الأخْدُودِ ) يقول: لعن أصحاب الأخدود. وكان بعضهم يقول: معنى قوله: ( قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الأخْدُودِ ) خبر من الله عن النار أنها قتلتهم.

وقد اختلف أهل العلم في أصحاب الأخدود؛ من هم؟ فقال بعضهم: قوم كانوا أهل كتاب من بقايا المجوس.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا يعقوب القمي، عن جعفر عن ابن أبزى، قال: لما رجع المهاجرون من بعض غزواتهم، بلغهم نعي عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه، فقال بعضهم لبعض: أيّ الأحكام تجري في المجوس، وإنهم ليسوا بأهل كتاب، وليسوا من مشركي العرب، فقال عليّ بن أبي طالب رضى الله عنه: قد كانوا أهل كتاب، وقد كانت الخمر أُحلَّت لهم، فشربها ملك من ملوكهم حتى ثمل منها، فتناول أخته فوقع عليها، فلما ذهب عنه السكر قال لها: ويحك، فما المخرج مما ابتليتُ به؟ فقالت: اخطب الناس، فقل: يا أُّيها الناس إن الله قد أحلّ نكاح الأخوات، فقام خطيبًا، فقال: يا أيُّها الناس إن الله قد أحلّ نكاح الأخوات، فقال الناس: إنا نبرأ إلى الله من هذا القول، ما أتانا به نبيٌّ، ولا وجدناه في كتاب الله، فرجع إليها نادمًا، فقال لها: ويحك، إن الناس قد أبوا عليّ أن يقرّوا بذلك، فقالت: ابسط عليهم السِّياط، ففعل، فبسط عليهم السياط، فأبَوا أن يقرّوا، فرجع إليها نادمًا، فقال: إنهم أبوا أن يقرّوا، فقالت: اخطبهم، فإن أبوا فجرّد فيهم السيف، ففعل، فأبى عليه الناس، فقال لها: قد أبى عليّ الناس، فقالت: خدّ لهم الأخدود، ثم اعرض عليها أهل مملكتك، فمن أقرّ، وإلا فاقذفه في النار، ففعل، ثم عرض عليها أهل مملكته، فمن لم يقرّ منهم قذفه في النار، فأنـزل الله فيهم: ( قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الأخْدُودِ * النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ ) إلى أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ * الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ * إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ حرّقوهم ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ فلم يزالوا منذ ذلك يستحلون نكاح الأخوات والبنات والأمهات.

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الأخْدُودِ ) قال: حُدِّثنا أنّ عليّ بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه كان يقول: هم ناس بمذارع اليمن، اقتتل مؤمنوها وكفارها، فظهر مؤمنوها على كفارها، ثم اقتتلوا الثانية، فظهر مؤمنوها على كفارها ثم أخذ بعضهم على بعض عهدًا ومواثيق أن لا يغدر بعضهم ببعض، فغدر بهم الكفار فأخذوهم أخذًا، ثم إن رجلا من المؤمنين قال لهم: هل لكم إلى خير، توقدون نارًا ثم تعرضوننا عليها، فمن تابعكم على دينكم فذلك الذي تشتهون، ومن لا اقتحم النار، فاسترحتم منه، قال: فأجَّجوا نارًا وعُرِضوا عليها، فجعلوا يقتحمونها صناديدهم، ثم بقيت منهم عجوز كأنها نكصت، فقال لها طفل في حجرها: يا أماه امضي ولا تنافقي. قصّ الله عليكم نبأهم وحديثهم.

حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، في قوله: ( قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الأخْدُودِ ) قال: يعني القاتلين الذين قتلوهم يوم قتلوا.

حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس: ( قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الأخْدُودِ * النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ ) قال: هم ناس من بني إسرائيل خدّوا أخدودًا في الأرض، ثم أوقدوا فيها نارًا، ثم أقاموا على ذلك الأخدود رجالا ونساء، فعُرِضوا عليها، وزعموا أنه دانيال وأصحابه.

حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعًا، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، قوله: ( قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الأخْدُودِ ) قال: كان شقوق في الأرض بنَجْرَان كانوا يعذّبون فيها الناس.

حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الأخْدُودِ ) يزعمون أن أصحاب الأخدود من بني إسرائيل، أخذوا رجالا ونساء، فخدّوا لهم أخدودًا، ثم أوقدوا فيها النيران، فأقاموا المؤمنين عليها، فقالوا: تكفرون أو نقذفكم في النار.

حدثني محمد بن معمر، قال: ثني حرمي بن عمارة، قال: ثنا حماد بن سلمة، قال: ثنا ثابت البُنانيّ، عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى، عن صهيب، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " كان فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ، وَكَانَ لَهُ ساحِرٌ، فَأَتَى السَّاحِرُ الْمَلِكَ فَقَالَ: قَدْ كَبِرَتْ سِنِّي، وَدَنَا أجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ لِي غُلامًا أُعَلِّمْهُ السِّحْرَ " ، قال: " فَدَفَعَ إلَيْهِ غُلامًا يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ " ، قَالَ: " فَكَانَ الغُلامُ يَخْتَلِفُ إلى السَّاحِرِ، وكَانَ بَيْنَ السَّاحِرِ وَبَيْنَ المَلِكِ رَاهِبٌ " ، قال: " فَكَانَ الغُلامُ إذَا مَرَّ بالرَّاهِبِ قَعَدَ إلَيْهِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلامِهِ، فَأُعْجِبَ بِكَلامِهِ، فَكَانَ الغُلامُ إذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ قَعَدَ عِنْدَ الرَّاهِبِ يَسْمَعُ كَلامَهُ، فَإذَا رَجَعَ إلى أَهْلِهِ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ إلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّاهِبُ: إذَا قَالَ لَكَ السَّاحِرُ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ قُلْ حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإذَا قَالَ أَهْلُكَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَقُلْ حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ . فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إذْ مَرَّ في طَرِيقٍ وَإذَا دَابَّةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ فِي الطَّرِيقِ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ لا تَدَعُهُمْ يَجُوزُونَ، فَقَالَ الْغُلامُ: الآنَ أَعْلَمُ: أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ أَرْضَى عِنْدَ اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ؟ قَالَ: فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا " ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ: " اللَّهُمْ إنْ كَانَ أمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أحَبَّ إلَيْكَ مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ، فَإنِّي أَرْمِي بِحَجَرِي هَذَا فَيَقْتُلَهُ وَيَمُرُّ النَّاسُ، قَالَ: فَرَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا، وَجَازَ النَّاسُ؛ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الرَّاهِبَ " ، قَالَ: وَأَتَاهُ الْغُلامُ فَقَالَ الرَّاهِبُ لِلْغُلامِ: إنَّكَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي، وَإنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلا تَدُلَّنَّ عَلَيَّ " ؛ قَالَ: " وَكَانَ الْغُلامُ يُبْرِئُ الأكْمَهَ وَالأبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الأدوَاءِ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ، قَالَ: فَعَمِيَ، قَالَ: فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إنَّ هَاهُنَا غُلامًا يُبْرِئُ الأكْمَهَ وَالأبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الأدْوَاءِ فَلَوْ أَتَيْتَهُ؟ قَالَ: " فَاتَّخَذَ لَهُ هَدَايا " ؛ قَالَ: " ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: يَا غُلامُ، إنْ أَبْرَأْتَنِي فَهَذِهِ الهَدَايَا كُلُّهَا لَكَ، فَقَالَ: مَا أَنَا بِطَبِيبٍ يشْفِيكَ، وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يَشْفِي، فَإذَا آمَنْتَ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ أَنْ يَشْفِيَكَ " ، قَالَ: " فَآمَنَ &; 24-340 &; الأعْمَى، فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ، فَقَعَدَ الأعْمَى إلى الْمَلِكِ كَمَا كَانَ يَقْعُدُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ المَلِكُ: أَلَيْسَ كُنْتَ أَعْمَى؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَمَنْ شَفَاكَ؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ " ، قَالَ: " فَأَخَدَهُ بِالْعَذَابِ فَقَالَ: لَتَدُلَّنِي عَلَى مَنْ عَلَّمَكَ هَذَا " ، قَالَ: " فَدَلَّ عَلَى الغلامِ، فَدَعَا الغُلامَ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ " ، قَالَ: " فَأَبَى الْغُلامُ " ؛ قَالَ: فَأَخَذَهُ بِالْعَذَابِ " ، قَالَ: " فَدَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ، فَأَخَذَ الرَّاهِبَ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكِ فَأَبَى " ، قَالَ: " فَوَضَعَ المِنْشَارَ عَلَى هَامَتِهِ فَشَقَّهُ حَتّى بَلَغَ الأرْضَ " ، قَالَ: " وَأَخَذَ الأعْمَى فَقَالَ: لَتَرْجِعَنَّ أوْ لأقْتُلَنَّكَ " ، قَالَ: " فَأَبَى الأعْمَى، فَوَضَعَ المِنْشَارَ عَلَى هَامَتِهِ فَشَقَّهُ حَتّى بَلَغَ الأرْضَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْغُلامِ: لَتَرْجِعَنَّ أوْ لأقْتُلَنَّكَ " ، قال: " فَأَبَى " ، قَالَ: " فَقَالَ: اذْهَبُوا بِهِ حَتَّى تَبْلُغُوا بِهِ ذِرْوَةَ الْجَبَلِ، فَإنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإلا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغُوا بِه ذِرْوَةَ الْجَبَلِ فَوَقَعُوا فَمَاتُوا كُلُّهُمْ. وَجَاءَ الغُلامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ، فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ أصْحَابُكَ؟ قَالَ: كَفَانِيهمُ اللهُ. قَالَ: فَاذْهَبُوا بِهِ فَاحْمِلُوهُ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَتَوَسَّطُوا بِهِ البَحْرَ، فَإنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإلا فَغَرِّقُوهُ " قال: " فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ، فَلَمَّا تَوَسَّطُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ قَالَ الْغُلامُ: اللَّهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ، فَانْكَفَأَتْ بِهِمُ السَّفِينَةُ. وَجَاءَ الغُلامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ، فَقَالَ المَلِكُ: أَيْنَ أصْحَابُكَ؟ قَالَ: دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَكَفَانِِيهمْ، قَالَ: لأقْتُلَنَّكَ، قَالَ: مَا أَنْتَ بِقَاتِلِي حَتّى تَصْنَعَ مَا آمُرُكَ " ، قَالَ: " فَقَالَ الْغُلامُ لِلْمَلِكِ: اجْمَعِ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ، ثُمَّ اصْلُبْنِي، ثُمَّ خُذْ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي فَارْمِنِي وَقُلْ: باسْمِ رَبِّ الْغُلامِ فَإِنَّكَ سَتَقْتُلُنِي " ، قَالَ: " فَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ " ، قَالَ: " وَصَلَبَهُ وَأَخَذَ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِهِ فَوَضَعَهُ فِي كَبِدِ الْقَوْسِ ثُمَّ رَمَى، فَقَالَ: باسْمِ رَبِّ الغُلامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِ الْغُلامِ، فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ هَكَذَا عَلَى صُدْغِهِ وَمَاتَ الْغُلامُ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلامِ، فَقَالُوا للْمَلِكِ: مَا صَنَعْتَ، الَّذي كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ قَدْ وَقَعَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ فَأُخِذَتْ، وَخَدَّ الأخْدُودَ وضَرَّمَ فِيهِ النِّيرَانَ، وَأَخَذَهُمْ وَقَالَ: إنْ رَجَعُوا وَإلا فَأَلْقُوهُمْ فِي النَّارِ " ، قَالَ: " فَكَانُوا يُلْقُونَهُمْ فِي النَّارِ " ، قَالَ: " فَجَاءتِ امْرأةٌ مَعَها صَبِيٌّ لَهَا " ، قَالَ: " فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَتْ تَقْتَحِمُ وَجَدَتْ حَرَّ النَّارِ، فَنَكَصَتْ " ، قَالَ: " فَقَالَ لَهَا صَبِيُّهَا يا أُمَّاهُ امْضِي فَإنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَقِّ، فَاقْتَحَمَتْ فِي النَّارِ".

وقال آخرون: بل الذين أحرقتهم النار هم الكفار الذين فتنوا المؤمنين.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حُدثت عن عمار، عن عبد الله بن أبي جعفر، عن أبيه، عن الربيع بن أنس، قال: كان أصحاب الأخدود قومًا مؤمنين اعتزلوا الناس في الفترة، وإن جبارًا من عَبَدَة الأوثان أرسل إليهم، فعرض عليهم الدخول في دينه، فأبوا، فخدّ أخدودًا، وأوقد فيه نارًا، ثم خيرهم بين الدخول في دينه، وبين إلقائهم في النار، فاختاروا إلقاءهم في النار، على الرجوع عن دينهم، فألقوا في النار، فنجَّى الله المؤمنين الذين ألقوا في النار من الحريق، بأن قبض أرواحهم قبل أن تمسهم النار، وخرجت النار إلى من على شفير الأخدود من الكفار فأحرقتهم، فذلك قول الله: فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ في الآخرة وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ في الدنيا.

واختُلف في موضع جواب القسم بقوله: ( وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ ) فقال بعضهم: جوابه: إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قال: وقع القسم هاهنا إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ . وقال بعض نحويي البصرة: موضع قسمها - والله أعلم - على ( قتل أصحاب الأخدود ) ، أضمر اللام كما قال: وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا ... قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا يريد: إن شاء الله لقد أفلح من زكَّاها، فألقى اللام، وإن شئت قلت على التقديم، كأنه قال: قتل أصحاب الأخدود، والسماء ذات البروج.

وقال بعض نحويي الكوفة: يقال في التفسير: إن جواب القسم في قوله: ( قُتِلَ ) كما كان قسم وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا في قوله: قَدْ أَفْلَحَ هذا في التفسير، قالوا: ولم نجد العرب تدع القسم بغير لام يستقبل بها أو " لا " أو " إن " أو " ما "، فإن يكن ذلك كذلك، فكأنه مما ترك فيه الجواب، ثم استؤنف موضع الجواب بالخبر، كما قيل: " يا أَيُّهَا الإنسان " في كثير من الكلام.

وأولى الأقوال في ذلك عندي بالصواب قول من قال: جواب القسم في ذلك متروك، والخبر مستأنف؛ لأن علامة جواب القسم لا تحذفها العرب من الكلام إذا أجابته.

وأولي التأويلين بقوله: ( قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الأخْدُودِ ) : لُعِنَ أصحاب الأخدود الذين ألقوا المؤمنين والمؤمنات في الأخدود.

وإنما قلت: ذلك أولى التأويلين بالصواب؛ للذي ذكرنا عن الربيع من العلة، وهو أن الله أخبر أن لهم عذاب الحريق مع عذاب جهنم، ولو لم يكونوا أحرقوا في الدنيا، لم يكن لقوله: وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ معنى مفهوم، مع إخباره أن لهم عذاب جهنم؛ لأن عذاب جهنم هو عذاب الحريق مع سائر أنواع عذابها في الآخرة، والأخدود: الحفرة تحفر في الأرض.

Verset 5

Révélé à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. L'interprétation du mot Buruj : Allah jure par le ciel et ses Buruj. Les Buruj sont les étoiles géantes, comme Allah le dit : « Béni soit Celui qui a placé dans le ciel des Buruj, et y a placé une grande lampe (le soleil) et une lune éclairante » (25:61). Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah et As-Suddi ont tous dit : « Al-Buruj sont les étoiles. » Al-Minhal bin `Amr a dit à propos de « Par le ciel qui détient les Buruj » : « La belle création. » Ibn Jarir a choisi l'avis selon lequel cela signifie les positions du soleil et de la lune, qui sont douze Buruj. Le soleil traverse chacun de ces « Burj » (singulier de Buruj) en un mois. La lune traverse chacun de ces Burj en deux jours et un tiers, ce qui fait un total de vingt-huit positions, et elle est cachée pendant deux nuits. L'explication du Jour Promis, du Témoin et du Témoigné : Allah dit : « Et par le Jour Promis. Et par le Témoin, et par le Témoigné. » Ibn Abi Hatim a rapporté d'Abu Hurayrah que le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : « Et par le Jour Promis » (cela fait référence au Jour du Jugement. « Et par le Témoin » (cela fait référence au vendredi, et le soleil ne se lève ni ne se couche sur un jour meilleur que le vendredi. Pendant celui-ci, il y a une heure qu'aucun serviteur musulman ne saisit en demandant à Allah quelque bien sans qu'Allah ne le lui donne. Il ne cherche refuge contre aucun

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are the giant stars, as Allah says, تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Blessed is He Who has placed in the heaven Buruj, and has placed therein a great lamp (the sun), and a moon giving light.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are the stars." Al-Minhal bin `Amr said, وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (By the heaven holding the Buruj.) "The beautiful creation." Ibn Jarir chose the view that it means the positions of the sun and the moon, which are twelve Buruj. The sun travels through each one of these "Burj" (singular of Buruj) in one month. The moon travels through each one of these Burj in two-and-a-third days, which makes a total of twenty-eight positions, and it is hidden for two nights. The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (And by the Promised Day. And by the Witness, and by the Witnessed.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة» (And by the Promised Day.)( This refers to the Day of Judgement. (And by the Witness.) This refers to Friday, and the sun does not rise or set on a day that is better than Friday. During it there is an hour that no Muslim servant catches while asking Allah from some good except that Allah will give it to him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except that Allah will protect him. (And by the Witnessed.)( This refers to the day of `Arafah (in Hajj).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded the same Hadith. It has also been recorded as a statement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (to this Hadith). Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, Allah's statement, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ (Cursed were (Qutila) the People of the Ditch (Ukhdud).) meaning, the companions of the Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means ditches in the ground. This is information about a group of people who were among the disbelievers. They went after those among them who believed in Allah and they attempted to force them to give up their religion. However, the believers refused to recant, so they dug a ditch for them in the ground. Then they lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order to keep it ablaze. Then they tried to convince them (the believers) to apostate from their religion (again), but they still refused them. So they threw them into the fire. Thus, Allah says, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers.) meaning, they were witnesses to what was done to these believers. Allah said, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise!) meaning, they did not commit any sin according to these people, except for their faith in Allah the Almighty, Who does not treat unjustly those who desire to be with Him. He is the Most Mighty and Most Praiseworthy in all of His statements, actions, legislation, and decrees. He decreed what happened to these servants of His at the hands of the disbelievers - and He is the Most Mighty, the Most Praiseworthy - even though the reason for this decree is unknown to many people. Then Allah says, الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth!) Among His perfect Attributes is that He is the Owner of all of the heavens, the earth, whatever is in them, and whatever is between them. وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (And Allah is Witness over everything.) meaning, nothing is concealed from Him in all of the heavens and the earth, nor is anything hidden from Him. The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ وَكَانَ لَهُ سَاحِرٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ السَّاحِرُ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنِّي قَدْ كَبُرَ سِنِّي وَحَضَرَ أَجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غُلَامًا لِأُعَلِّمَهُ السِّحْرَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُلَامًا فَكَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ، وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فَأَعْجَبَهُ نَحْوُهُ وَكَلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإِذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذلِكَ إِلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَـقَالَ: إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّاحِرُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَظِيعَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَجُوزُوا. فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَـقَالَ: اللْهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ وَأَرْضَى مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ فَاقْتُلْ هذِهِ الدَّابَّةَ حَتْى يَجُوزَ النَّاسُ، ورَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا وَمَضَى النَّاسُ. (Among the people who came before you, there was a king who had a sorcerer, and when that sorcerer became old, he said to the king, "I have become old and my time is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can teach magic." So, he sent him a boy and the sorcerer taught him magic. Whenever the boy went to the sorcerer, he sat with a monk who was on the way and listened to his speech and admired them. So, when he went to the sorcerer, he passed by the monk and sat there with him; and on visiting the sorcerer the latter would thrash him. So, the boy complained about this to the monk. The monk said to him, "Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer, say to him: `My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy."' So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were unable to pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whether the sorcerer is better or the monk is better." So, he took a stone and said, "O Allah! If the deeds and actions of the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road)." Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by on the road. فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّاهِبَ بِذلِكَ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ مِنِّي وَإِنَّكَ سَتُبْتَلَى، فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلَا تَدُلَّ عَلَيَّ، فَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ يُبْرِىءُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَيَشْفِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ فَعَمِيَ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ بِهَدَايَا كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اشْفِنِي وَلَكَ مَا ههُنَا أَجْمَعُ، فَـقَالَ: مَا أَنَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا، إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَشَفَاكَ، فَآمَنَ فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ. The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk said to him, "O my son! Today you are better than I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me." The boy used to treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a number of gifts for the boy and said, "All these gifts are for you on the condition that you cure me." The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you." So, he believed in and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَلِكَ فَجَلَسَ مِنْهُ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ: يَا فُلَانُ، مَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ بَصَرَكَ؟ فَـقَالَ: رَبِّي. فَـقَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ سِحْرِكَ أَنْ تُبْرِىءَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَهذِهِ الْأَدْوَاءَ قَالَ: مَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: أَوَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَيْضًا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِالرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَعْمَى: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَام: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ إِلى جَبَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ ذُرْوَتَهُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإِلَّا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلَوْا بِهِ الْجَبَلَ قَالَ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَرَجَفَ بِهِمُ الْجَبَلُ فَدُهْدِهُوا أَجْمَعُونَ، وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا لَجَجْتُمْ بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَغَرِّقُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَلَجَّجُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَـقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَغَرِقُوا أَجْمَعُونَ. Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he used to sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight" The courtier replied, "My Lord." The king then said, "I did" The courtier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah" The king said, "Do you have another Lord beside me" The courtier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah." The king tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy. So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, "O boy! Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital blindness, leprosy and other diseases" He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure." The king said, "Me" The boy replied, "No." The king asked, "Do you have another Lord besides me" The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah." So, he tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk was brought to him and the king said to him, "Abandon your religion." The monk refused and so the king ordered a saw to be brought which was placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then it was said to the man who used to be blind, "Abandon your religion." He refused to do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then the boy was brought and it was said to him, "Abandon your religion." He refused and so the king sent him to the top of such and such mountain with some people. He told the people, "Ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its peak, then see if he abandons his religion; otherwise throw him from the top." They took him and when they ascended to the top, he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that You wish." So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came back walking to the king. The king said, "What did your companions (the people I sent with you) do" The boy said, "Allah saved me from them." So, the king ordered some people to take the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him." So, they took him out to sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that you wish." So they were all drowned in the sea. وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ حَتْى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَـقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِقَاتِلي حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قَتْلِي، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ تَصْلُبُنِي عَلَى جِذْع وَتَأْخُذُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي، ثُمَّ قُلْ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ. فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذلِكَ قَـتَلْتَنِـي. فَفَعَلَ وَوَضَعَ السَّهْمَ فِي كَبِدِ قَوْسِهِ ثُمَّ رَمَاهُ وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِهِ، فَوَضَعَ الْغُلَامُ يَدَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِع السَّهْم وَمَاتَ، فَـقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلَام. فَقِيلَ لِلْمَلِكِ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ؟ فَقَدْ وَاللهِ نَزَلَ بِكَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ، فَخُدَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَخَادِيدُ وَأُضْرِمَتْ فِيهَا النِّيرَانُ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَدَعُوهُ، وَإِلَّا فَأَقْحِمُوهُ فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَكَانُوا يَتَعَادُّونَ فِيهَا وَيَتَدَافَعُونَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرأَةٌ بابْنٍ لَهَا تُرْضِعُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهَا تَقَاعَسَتْ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِي النَّارِ فَـقَالَ الصَّبِيُّ: اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهْ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَق» Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, "What did your companions do" The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from them." Then he said to the king, "You will not be able to kill me until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able to kill me." The king asked, "And what is that" The boy said, "Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.' If you do this, you will be able to kill me." So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow, he shot it, saying, "In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy." The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in the Lord of the boy!" Then it was said to the king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have believed (in the Lord of the boy)." So he ordered that ditches be dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in them. Then the king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the fire." They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire, so her baby said to her, "Be patient mother! For verily, you are following the truth!") Muslim also recorded this Hadith at the end of the Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar related this story in his book of Sirah in another way that has some differences from that which has just been related. Then, after Ibn Ishaq explained that the people of Najran began following the religion of the boy after his murder, which was the religion of Christianity, he said, "Then (the king) Dhu Nuwas came to them with his army and called them to Judaism. He gave them a choice to either accept Judaism or be killed, so they chose death. Thus, he had a ditch dug and burned (some of them) in the fire (in the ditch), while others he killed with the sword. He made an example of them (by slaughtering them) until he had killed almost twenty thousand of them. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army that Allah revealed to His Messenger : قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ - وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ - الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers. And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise! To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And Allah is Witness over everything.) (85:4-9)" This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- that the one who killed the People of the Ditch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur`ah. In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him, but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrote to An-Najashi, the King of Abyssinia. So, he sent with him an army of Abyssinian Christians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from the hands of the Jews. Dhu Nuwas tried to flee but eventually fell into the sea and drowned. After this, the kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christian power for seventy years. Then the power was divested from the Christians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, the king of Persia sent an army there (to Yemen). He (the king) sent with him (Sayf Al-Himyari) those people who were in the prisons, and they were close to seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen with them and returned the kingdom back to the people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will mention a portion of this -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss the Tafsir of the Surah: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَـبِ الْفِيلِ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant) (105:1) The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُواْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Verily, those who put into trial the believing men and believing women,) meaning, they burned (them). This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُواْ (and then do not turn in repentance,) meaning, `they do not cease from what they are doing, and do not regret what they had done before.' فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ (then they will have the torment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the burning Fire.) This is because the recompense is based upon the type of deed performed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Look at this generosity and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He still invites them to make repentance and seek forgiveness."

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ ) فقوله ( النار ) : ردّ على الأخدود، ولذلك خفضت، وإنما جاز ردّها عليه وهي غيره، لأنها كانت فيه، فكأنها إذ كانت فيه هو، فجرى الكلام عليه لمعرفة المخاطبين به بمعناه، وكأنه قيل: قتل أصحاب النار ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ، ويعني بقوله:: ( ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ ) ذات الحطب الجزل، وذلك إذا فتحت الواو، فأما الوقود بضم الواو، فهو الاتقاد.

Verset 6

Révélé à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. L'interprétation du mot Buruj : Allah jure par le ciel et ses Buruj. Les Buruj sont les étoiles géantes, comme Allah le dit : « Béni soit Celui qui a placé dans le ciel des Buruj, et y a placé une grande lampe (le soleil) et une lune éclairante » (25:61). Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah et As-Suddi ont tous dit : « Al-Buruj sont les étoiles. » Al-Minhal bin `Amr a dit à propos de « Par le ciel qui détient les Buruj » : « La belle création. » Ibn Jarir a choisi l'avis selon lequel cela signifie les positions du soleil et de la lune, qui sont douze Buruj. Le soleil traverse chacun de ces « Burj » (singulier de Buruj) en un mois. La lune traverse chacun de ces Burj en deux jours et un tiers, ce qui fait un total de vingt-huit positions, et elle est cachée pendant deux nuits. L'explication du Jour Promis, du Témoin et du Témoigné : Allah dit : « Et par le Jour Promis. Et par le Témoin, et par le Témoigné. » Ibn Abi Hatim a rapporté d'Abu Hurayrah que le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : « Et par le Jour Promis » (cela fait référence au Jour du Jugement. « Et par le Témoin » (cela fait référence au vendredi, et le soleil ne se lève ni ne se couche sur un jour meilleur que le vendredi. Pendant celui-ci, il y a une heure qu'aucun serviteur musulman ne saisit en demandant à Allah quelque bien sans qu'Allah ne le lui donne. Il ne cherche refuge contre aucun

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are the giant stars, as Allah says, تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Blessed is He Who has placed in the heaven Buruj, and has placed therein a great lamp (the sun), and a moon giving light.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are the stars." Al-Minhal bin `Amr said, وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (By the heaven holding the Buruj.) "The beautiful creation." Ibn Jarir chose the view that it means the positions of the sun and the moon, which are twelve Buruj. The sun travels through each one of these "Burj" (singular of Buruj) in one month. The moon travels through each one of these Burj in two-and-a-third days, which makes a total of twenty-eight positions, and it is hidden for two nights. The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (And by the Promised Day. And by the Witness, and by the Witnessed.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة» (And by the Promised Day.)( This refers to the Day of Judgement. (And by the Witness.) This refers to Friday, and the sun does not rise or set on a day that is better than Friday. During it there is an hour that no Muslim servant catches while asking Allah from some good except that Allah will give it to him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except that Allah will protect him. (And by the Witnessed.)( This refers to the day of `Arafah (in Hajj).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded the same Hadith. It has also been recorded as a statement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (to this Hadith). Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, Allah's statement, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ (Cursed were (Qutila) the People of the Ditch (Ukhdud).) meaning, the companions of the Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means ditches in the ground. This is information about a group of people who were among the disbelievers. They went after those among them who believed in Allah and they attempted to force them to give up their religion. However, the believers refused to recant, so they dug a ditch for them in the ground. Then they lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order to keep it ablaze. Then they tried to convince them (the believers) to apostate from their religion (again), but they still refused them. So they threw them into the fire. Thus, Allah says, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers.) meaning, they were witnesses to what was done to these believers. Allah said, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise!) meaning, they did not commit any sin according to these people, except for their faith in Allah the Almighty, Who does not treat unjustly those who desire to be with Him. He is the Most Mighty and Most Praiseworthy in all of His statements, actions, legislation, and decrees. He decreed what happened to these servants of His at the hands of the disbelievers - and He is the Most Mighty, the Most Praiseworthy - even though the reason for this decree is unknown to many people. Then Allah says, الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth!) Among His perfect Attributes is that He is the Owner of all of the heavens, the earth, whatever is in them, and whatever is between them. وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (And Allah is Witness over everything.) meaning, nothing is concealed from Him in all of the heavens and the earth, nor is anything hidden from Him. The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ وَكَانَ لَهُ سَاحِرٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ السَّاحِرُ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنِّي قَدْ كَبُرَ سِنِّي وَحَضَرَ أَجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غُلَامًا لِأُعَلِّمَهُ السِّحْرَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُلَامًا فَكَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ، وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فَأَعْجَبَهُ نَحْوُهُ وَكَلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإِذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذلِكَ إِلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَـقَالَ: إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّاحِرُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَظِيعَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَجُوزُوا. فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَـقَالَ: اللْهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ وَأَرْضَى مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ فَاقْتُلْ هذِهِ الدَّابَّةَ حَتْى يَجُوزَ النَّاسُ، ورَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا وَمَضَى النَّاسُ. (Among the people who came before you, there was a king who had a sorcerer, and when that sorcerer became old, he said to the king, "I have become old and my time is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can teach magic." So, he sent him a boy and the sorcerer taught him magic. Whenever the boy went to the sorcerer, he sat with a monk who was on the way and listened to his speech and admired them. So, when he went to the sorcerer, he passed by the monk and sat there with him; and on visiting the sorcerer the latter would thrash him. So, the boy complained about this to the monk. The monk said to him, "Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer, say to him: `My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy."' So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were unable to pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whether the sorcerer is better or the monk is better." So, he took a stone and said, "O Allah! If the deeds and actions of the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road)." Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by on the road. فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّاهِبَ بِذلِكَ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ مِنِّي وَإِنَّكَ سَتُبْتَلَى، فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلَا تَدُلَّ عَلَيَّ، فَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ يُبْرِىءُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَيَشْفِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ فَعَمِيَ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ بِهَدَايَا كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اشْفِنِي وَلَكَ مَا ههُنَا أَجْمَعُ، فَـقَالَ: مَا أَنَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا، إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَشَفَاكَ، فَآمَنَ فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ. The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk said to him, "O my son! Today you are better than I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me." The boy used to treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a number of gifts for the boy and said, "All these gifts are for you on the condition that you cure me." The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you." So, he believed in and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَلِكَ فَجَلَسَ مِنْهُ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ: يَا فُلَانُ، مَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ بَصَرَكَ؟ فَـقَالَ: رَبِّي. فَـقَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ سِحْرِكَ أَنْ تُبْرِىءَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَهذِهِ الْأَدْوَاءَ قَالَ: مَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: أَوَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَيْضًا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِالرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَعْمَى: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَام: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ إِلى جَبَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ ذُرْوَتَهُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإِلَّا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلَوْا بِهِ الْجَبَلَ قَالَ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَرَجَفَ بِهِمُ الْجَبَلُ فَدُهْدِهُوا أَجْمَعُونَ، وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا لَجَجْتُمْ بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَغَرِّقُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَلَجَّجُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَـقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَغَرِقُوا أَجْمَعُونَ. Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he used to sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight" The courtier replied, "My Lord." The king then said, "I did" The courtier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah" The king said, "Do you have another Lord beside me" The courtier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah." The king tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy. So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, "O boy! Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital blindness, leprosy and other diseases" He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure." The king said, "Me" The boy replied, "No." The king asked, "Do you have another Lord besides me" The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah." So, he tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk was brought to him and the king said to him, "Abandon your religion." The monk refused and so the king ordered a saw to be brought which was placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then it was said to the man who used to be blind, "Abandon your religion." He refused to do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then the boy was brought and it was said to him, "Abandon your religion." He refused and so the king sent him to the top of such and such mountain with some people. He told the people, "Ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its peak, then see if he abandons his religion; otherwise throw him from the top." They took him and when they ascended to the top, he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that You wish." So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came back walking to the king. The king said, "What did your companions (the people I sent with you) do" The boy said, "Allah saved me from them." So, the king ordered some people to take the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him." So, they took him out to sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that you wish." So they were all drowned in the sea. وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ حَتْى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَـقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِقَاتِلي حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قَتْلِي، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ تَصْلُبُنِي عَلَى جِذْع وَتَأْخُذُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي، ثُمَّ قُلْ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ. فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذلِكَ قَـتَلْتَنِـي. فَفَعَلَ وَوَضَعَ السَّهْمَ فِي كَبِدِ قَوْسِهِ ثُمَّ رَمَاهُ وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِهِ، فَوَضَعَ الْغُلَامُ يَدَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِع السَّهْم وَمَاتَ، فَـقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلَام. فَقِيلَ لِلْمَلِكِ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ؟ فَقَدْ وَاللهِ نَزَلَ بِكَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ، فَخُدَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَخَادِيدُ وَأُضْرِمَتْ فِيهَا النِّيرَانُ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَدَعُوهُ، وَإِلَّا فَأَقْحِمُوهُ فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَكَانُوا يَتَعَادُّونَ فِيهَا وَيَتَدَافَعُونَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرأَةٌ بابْنٍ لَهَا تُرْضِعُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهَا تَقَاعَسَتْ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِي النَّارِ فَـقَالَ الصَّبِيُّ: اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهْ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَق» Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, "What did your companions do" The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from them." Then he said to the king, "You will not be able to kill me until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able to kill me." The king asked, "And what is that" The boy said, "Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.' If you do this, you will be able to kill me." So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow, he shot it, saying, "In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy." The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in the Lord of the boy!" Then it was said to the king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have believed (in the Lord of the boy)." So he ordered that ditches be dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in them. Then the king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the fire." They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire, so her baby said to her, "Be patient mother! For verily, you are following the truth!") Muslim also recorded this Hadith at the end of the Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar related this story in his book of Sirah in another way that has some differences from that which has just been related. Then, after Ibn Ishaq explained that the people of Najran began following the religion of the boy after his murder, which was the religion of Christianity, he said, "Then (the king) Dhu Nuwas came to them with his army and called them to Judaism. He gave them a choice to either accept Judaism or be killed, so they chose death. Thus, he had a ditch dug and burned (some of them) in the fire (in the ditch), while others he killed with the sword. He made an example of them (by slaughtering them) until he had killed almost twenty thousand of them. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army that Allah revealed to His Messenger : قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ - وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ - الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers. And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise! To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And Allah is Witness over everything.) (85:4-9)" This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- that the one who killed the People of the Ditch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur`ah. In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him, but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrote to An-Najashi, the King of Abyssinia. So, he sent with him an army of Abyssinian Christians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from the hands of the Jews. Dhu Nuwas tried to flee but eventually fell into the sea and drowned. After this, the kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christian power for seventy years. Then the power was divested from the Christians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, the king of Persia sent an army there (to Yemen). He (the king) sent with him (Sayf Al-Himyari) those people who were in the prisons, and they were close to seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen with them and returned the kingdom back to the people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will mention a portion of this -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss the Tafsir of the Surah: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَـبِ الْفِيلِ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant) (105:1) The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُواْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Verily, those who put into trial the believing men and believing women,) meaning, they burned (them). This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُواْ (and then do not turn in repentance,) meaning, `they do not cease from what they are doing, and do not regret what they had done before.' فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ (then they will have the torment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the burning Fire.) This is because the recompense is based upon the type of deed performed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Look at this generosity and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He still invites them to make repentance and seek forgiveness."

📜 Texte arabe source

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ (6)

يقول تعالى ذكره: النار ذات الوقود، إذ هؤلاء الكفار من أصحاب الأخدود عليها، يعني على النار، فقال عليها، والمعنى أنهم قعود على حافة الأخدود، فقيل: على النار، والمعنى: لشفير الأخدود، لمعرفة السامعين معناه.

وكان قتادة يقول في ذلك ما حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ * إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ يعني بذلك المؤمنين، وهذا التأويل الذي تأوّله قتادة على مذهب من قال: قُتل أصحاب الأخدود من أهل الأيمان.

وقد دلَّلْنا على أن الصواب من تأويل ذلك غير هذا القول الذي وجَّه تأويله قتادةُ قبله.

Verset 7

Révélé à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. L'interprétation du mot Buruj : Allah jure par le ciel et ses Buruj. Les Buruj sont les étoiles géantes, comme Allah le dit : « Béni soit Celui qui a placé dans le ciel des Buruj, et y a placé une grande lampe (le soleil) et une lune éclairante » (25:61). Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah et As-Suddi ont tous dit : « Al-Buruj sont les étoiles. » Al-Minhal bin `Amr a dit à propos de « Par le ciel qui détient les Buruj » : « La belle création. » Ibn Jarir a choisi l'avis selon lequel cela signifie les positions du soleil et de la lune, qui sont douze Buruj. Le soleil traverse chacun de ces « Burj » (singulier de Buruj) en un mois. La lune traverse chacun de ces Burj en deux jours et un tiers, ce qui fait un total de vingt-huit positions, et elle est cachée pendant deux nuits. L'explication du Jour Promis, du Témoin et du Témoigné : Allah dit : « Et par le Jour Promis. Et par le Témoin, et par le Témoigné. » Ibn Abi Hatim a rapporté d'Abu Hurayrah que le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : « Et par le Jour Promis » (cela fait référence au Jour du Jugement. « Et par le Témoin » (cela fait référence au vendredi, et le soleil ne se lève ni ne se couche sur un jour meilleur que le vendredi. Pendant celui-ci, il y a une heure qu'aucun serviteur musulman ne saisit en demandant à Allah quelque bien sans qu'Allah ne le lui donne. Il ne cherche refuge contre aucun

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are the giant stars, as Allah says, تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Blessed is He Who has placed in the heaven Buruj, and has placed therein a great lamp (the sun), and a moon giving light.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are the stars." Al-Minhal bin `Amr said, وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (By the heaven holding the Buruj.) "The beautiful creation." Ibn Jarir chose the view that it means the positions of the sun and the moon, which are twelve Buruj. The sun travels through each one of these "Burj" (singular of Buruj) in one month. The moon travels through each one of these Burj in two-and-a-third days, which makes a total of twenty-eight positions, and it is hidden for two nights. The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (And by the Promised Day. And by the Witness, and by the Witnessed.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة» (And by the Promised Day.)( This refers to the Day of Judgement. (And by the Witness.) This refers to Friday, and the sun does not rise or set on a day that is better than Friday. During it there is an hour that no Muslim servant catches while asking Allah from some good except that Allah will give it to him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except that Allah will protect him. (And by the Witnessed.)( This refers to the day of `Arafah (in Hajj).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded the same Hadith. It has also been recorded as a statement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (to this Hadith). Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, Allah's statement, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ (Cursed were (Qutila) the People of the Ditch (Ukhdud).) meaning, the companions of the Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means ditches in the ground. This is information about a group of people who were among the disbelievers. They went after those among them who believed in Allah and they attempted to force them to give up their religion. However, the believers refused to recant, so they dug a ditch for them in the ground. Then they lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order to keep it ablaze. Then they tried to convince them (the believers) to apostate from their religion (again), but they still refused them. So they threw them into the fire. Thus, Allah says, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers.) meaning, they were witnesses to what was done to these believers. Allah said, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise!) meaning, they did not commit any sin according to these people, except for their faith in Allah the Almighty, Who does not treat unjustly those who desire to be with Him. He is the Most Mighty and Most Praiseworthy in all of His statements, actions, legislation, and decrees. He decreed what happened to these servants of His at the hands of the disbelievers - and He is the Most Mighty, the Most Praiseworthy - even though the reason for this decree is unknown to many people. Then Allah says, الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth!) Among His perfect Attributes is that He is the Owner of all of the heavens, the earth, whatever is in them, and whatever is between them. وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (And Allah is Witness over everything.) meaning, nothing is concealed from Him in all of the heavens and the earth, nor is anything hidden from Him. The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ وَكَانَ لَهُ سَاحِرٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ السَّاحِرُ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنِّي قَدْ كَبُرَ سِنِّي وَحَضَرَ أَجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غُلَامًا لِأُعَلِّمَهُ السِّحْرَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُلَامًا فَكَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ، وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فَأَعْجَبَهُ نَحْوُهُ وَكَلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإِذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذلِكَ إِلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَـقَالَ: إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّاحِرُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَظِيعَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَجُوزُوا. فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَـقَالَ: اللْهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ وَأَرْضَى مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ فَاقْتُلْ هذِهِ الدَّابَّةَ حَتْى يَجُوزَ النَّاسُ، ورَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا وَمَضَى النَّاسُ. (Among the people who came before you, there was a king who had a sorcerer, and when that sorcerer became old, he said to the king, "I have become old and my time is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can teach magic." So, he sent him a boy and the sorcerer taught him magic. Whenever the boy went to the sorcerer, he sat with a monk who was on the way and listened to his speech and admired them. So, when he went to the sorcerer, he passed by the monk and sat there with him; and on visiting the sorcerer the latter would thrash him. So, the boy complained about this to the monk. The monk said to him, "Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer, say to him: `My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy."' So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were unable to pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whether the sorcerer is better or the monk is better." So, he took a stone and said, "O Allah! If the deeds and actions of the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road)." Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by on the road. فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّاهِبَ بِذلِكَ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ مِنِّي وَإِنَّكَ سَتُبْتَلَى، فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلَا تَدُلَّ عَلَيَّ، فَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ يُبْرِىءُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَيَشْفِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ فَعَمِيَ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ بِهَدَايَا كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اشْفِنِي وَلَكَ مَا ههُنَا أَجْمَعُ، فَـقَالَ: مَا أَنَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا، إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَشَفَاكَ، فَآمَنَ فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ. The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk said to him, "O my son! Today you are better than I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me." The boy used to treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a number of gifts for the boy and said, "All these gifts are for you on the condition that you cure me." The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you." So, he believed in and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَلِكَ فَجَلَسَ مِنْهُ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ: يَا فُلَانُ، مَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ بَصَرَكَ؟ فَـقَالَ: رَبِّي. فَـقَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ سِحْرِكَ أَنْ تُبْرِىءَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَهذِهِ الْأَدْوَاءَ قَالَ: مَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: أَوَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَيْضًا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِالرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَعْمَى: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَام: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ إِلى جَبَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ ذُرْوَتَهُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإِلَّا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلَوْا بِهِ الْجَبَلَ قَالَ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَرَجَفَ بِهِمُ الْجَبَلُ فَدُهْدِهُوا أَجْمَعُونَ، وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا لَجَجْتُمْ بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَغَرِّقُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَلَجَّجُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَـقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَغَرِقُوا أَجْمَعُونَ. Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he used to sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight" The courtier replied, "My Lord." The king then said, "I did" The courtier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah" The king said, "Do you have another Lord beside me" The courtier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah." The king tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy. So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, "O boy! Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital blindness, leprosy and other diseases" He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure." The king said, "Me" The boy replied, "No." The king asked, "Do you have another Lord besides me" The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah." So, he tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk was brought to him and the king said to him, "Abandon your religion." The monk refused and so the king ordered a saw to be brought which was placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then it was said to the man who used to be blind, "Abandon your religion." He refused to do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then the boy was brought and it was said to him, "Abandon your religion." He refused and so the king sent him to the top of such and such mountain with some people. He told the people, "Ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its peak, then see if he abandons his religion; otherwise throw him from the top." They took him and when they ascended to the top, he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that You wish." So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came back walking to the king. The king said, "What did your companions (the people I sent with you) do" The boy said, "Allah saved me from them." So, the king ordered some people to take the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him." So, they took him out to sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that you wish." So they were all drowned in the sea. وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ حَتْى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَـقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِقَاتِلي حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قَتْلِي، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ تَصْلُبُنِي عَلَى جِذْع وَتَأْخُذُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي، ثُمَّ قُلْ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ. فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذلِكَ قَـتَلْتَنِـي. فَفَعَلَ وَوَضَعَ السَّهْمَ فِي كَبِدِ قَوْسِهِ ثُمَّ رَمَاهُ وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِهِ، فَوَضَعَ الْغُلَامُ يَدَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِع السَّهْم وَمَاتَ، فَـقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلَام. فَقِيلَ لِلْمَلِكِ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ؟ فَقَدْ وَاللهِ نَزَلَ بِكَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ، فَخُدَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَخَادِيدُ وَأُضْرِمَتْ فِيهَا النِّيرَانُ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَدَعُوهُ، وَإِلَّا فَأَقْحِمُوهُ فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَكَانُوا يَتَعَادُّونَ فِيهَا وَيَتَدَافَعُونَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرأَةٌ بابْنٍ لَهَا تُرْضِعُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهَا تَقَاعَسَتْ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِي النَّارِ فَـقَالَ الصَّبِيُّ: اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهْ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَق» Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, "What did your companions do" The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from them." Then he said to the king, "You will not be able to kill me until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able to kill me." The king asked, "And what is that" The boy said, "Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.' If you do this, you will be able to kill me." So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow, he shot it, saying, "In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy." The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in the Lord of the boy!" Then it was said to the king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have believed (in the Lord of the boy)." So he ordered that ditches be dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in them. Then the king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the fire." They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire, so her baby said to her, "Be patient mother! For verily, you are following the truth!") Muslim also recorded this Hadith at the end of the Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar related this story in his book of Sirah in another way that has some differences from that which has just been related. Then, after Ibn Ishaq explained that the people of Najran began following the religion of the boy after his murder, which was the religion of Christianity, he said, "Then (the king) Dhu Nuwas came to them with his army and called them to Judaism. He gave them a choice to either accept Judaism or be killed, so they chose death. Thus, he had a ditch dug and burned (some of them) in the fire (in the ditch), while others he killed with the sword. He made an example of them (by slaughtering them) until he had killed almost twenty thousand of them. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army that Allah revealed to His Messenger : قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ - وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ - الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers. And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise! To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And Allah is Witness over everything.) (85:4-9)" This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- that the one who killed the People of the Ditch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur`ah. In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him, but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrote to An-Najashi, the King of Abyssinia. So, he sent with him an army of Abyssinian Christians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from the hands of the Jews. Dhu Nuwas tried to flee but eventually fell into the sea and drowned. After this, the kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christian power for seventy years. Then the power was divested from the Christians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, the king of Persia sent an army there (to Yemen). He (the king) sent with him (Sayf Al-Himyari) those people who were in the prisons, and they were close to seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen with them and returned the kingdom back to the people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will mention a portion of this -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss the Tafsir of the Surah: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَـبِ الْفِيلِ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant) (105:1) The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُواْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Verily, those who put into trial the believing men and believing women,) meaning, they burned (them). This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُواْ (and then do not turn in repentance,) meaning, `they do not cease from what they are doing, and do not regret what they had done before.' فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ (then they will have the torment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the burning Fire.) This is because the recompense is based upon the type of deed performed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Look at this generosity and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He still invites them to make repentance and seek forgiveness."

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ ) يعني: حضور.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ ) يعني بذلك الكفار.

Verset 8

Révélé à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. L'interprétation du mot Buruj : Allah jure par le ciel et ses Buruj. Les Buruj sont les étoiles géantes, comme Allah le dit : « Béni soit Celui qui a placé dans le ciel des Buruj, et y a placé une grande lampe (le soleil) et une lune éclairante » (25:61). Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah et As-Suddi ont tous dit : « Al-Buruj sont les étoiles. » Al-Minhal bin `Amr a dit à propos de « Par le ciel qui détient les Buruj » : « La belle création. » Ibn Jarir a choisi l'avis selon lequel cela signifie les positions du soleil et de la lune, qui sont douze Buruj. Le soleil traverse chacun de ces « Burj » (singulier de Buruj) en un mois. La lune traverse chacun de ces Burj en deux jours et un tiers, ce qui fait un total de vingt-huit positions, et elle est cachée pendant deux nuits. L'explication du Jour Promis, du Témoin et du Témoigné : Allah dit : « Et par le Jour Promis. Et par le Témoin, et par le Témoigné. » Ibn Abi Hatim a rapporté d'Abu Hurayrah que le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : « Et par le Jour Promis » (cela fait référence au Jour du Jugement. « Et par le Témoin » (cela fait référence au vendredi, et le soleil ne se lève ni ne se couche sur un jour meilleur que le vendredi. Pendant celui-ci, il y a une heure qu'aucun serviteur musulman ne saisit en demandant à Allah quelque bien sans qu'Allah ne le lui donne. Il ne cherche refuge contre aucun

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are the giant stars, as Allah says, تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Blessed is He Who has placed in the heaven Buruj, and has placed therein a great lamp (the sun), and a moon giving light.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are the stars." Al-Minhal bin `Amr said, وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (By the heaven holding the Buruj.) "The beautiful creation." Ibn Jarir chose the view that it means the positions of the sun and the moon, which are twelve Buruj. The sun travels through each one of these "Burj" (singular of Buruj) in one month. The moon travels through each one of these Burj in two-and-a-third days, which makes a total of twenty-eight positions, and it is hidden for two nights. The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (And by the Promised Day. And by the Witness, and by the Witnessed.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة» (And by the Promised Day.)( This refers to the Day of Judgement. (And by the Witness.) This refers to Friday, and the sun does not rise or set on a day that is better than Friday. During it there is an hour that no Muslim servant catches while asking Allah from some good except that Allah will give it to him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except that Allah will protect him. (And by the Witnessed.)( This refers to the day of `Arafah (in Hajj).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded the same Hadith. It has also been recorded as a statement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (to this Hadith). Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, Allah's statement, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ (Cursed were (Qutila) the People of the Ditch (Ukhdud).) meaning, the companions of the Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means ditches in the ground. This is information about a group of people who were among the disbelievers. They went after those among them who believed in Allah and they attempted to force them to give up their religion. However, the believers refused to recant, so they dug a ditch for them in the ground. Then they lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order to keep it ablaze. Then they tried to convince them (the believers) to apostate from their religion (again), but they still refused them. So they threw them into the fire. Thus, Allah says, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers.) meaning, they were witnesses to what was done to these believers. Allah said, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise!) meaning, they did not commit any sin according to these people, except for their faith in Allah the Almighty, Who does not treat unjustly those who desire to be with Him. He is the Most Mighty and Most Praiseworthy in all of His statements, actions, legislation, and decrees. He decreed what happened to these servants of His at the hands of the disbelievers - and He is the Most Mighty, the Most Praiseworthy - even though the reason for this decree is unknown to many people. Then Allah says, الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth!) Among His perfect Attributes is that He is the Owner of all of the heavens, the earth, whatever is in them, and whatever is between them. وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (And Allah is Witness over everything.) meaning, nothing is concealed from Him in all of the heavens and the earth, nor is anything hidden from Him. The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ وَكَانَ لَهُ سَاحِرٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ السَّاحِرُ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنِّي قَدْ كَبُرَ سِنِّي وَحَضَرَ أَجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غُلَامًا لِأُعَلِّمَهُ السِّحْرَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُلَامًا فَكَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ، وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فَأَعْجَبَهُ نَحْوُهُ وَكَلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإِذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذلِكَ إِلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَـقَالَ: إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّاحِرُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَظِيعَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَجُوزُوا. فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَـقَالَ: اللْهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ وَأَرْضَى مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ فَاقْتُلْ هذِهِ الدَّابَّةَ حَتْى يَجُوزَ النَّاسُ، ورَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا وَمَضَى النَّاسُ. (Among the people who came before you, there was a king who had a sorcerer, and when that sorcerer became old, he said to the king, "I have become old and my time is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can teach magic." So, he sent him a boy and the sorcerer taught him magic. Whenever the boy went to the sorcerer, he sat with a monk who was on the way and listened to his speech and admired them. So, when he went to the sorcerer, he passed by the monk and sat there with him; and on visiting the sorcerer the latter would thrash him. So, the boy complained about this to the monk. The monk said to him, "Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer, say to him: `My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy."' So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were unable to pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whether the sorcerer is better or the monk is better." So, he took a stone and said, "O Allah! If the deeds and actions of the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road)." Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by on the road. فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّاهِبَ بِذلِكَ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ مِنِّي وَإِنَّكَ سَتُبْتَلَى، فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلَا تَدُلَّ عَلَيَّ، فَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ يُبْرِىءُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَيَشْفِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ فَعَمِيَ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ بِهَدَايَا كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اشْفِنِي وَلَكَ مَا ههُنَا أَجْمَعُ، فَـقَالَ: مَا أَنَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا، إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَشَفَاكَ، فَآمَنَ فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ. The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk said to him, "O my son! Today you are better than I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me." The boy used to treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a number of gifts for the boy and said, "All these gifts are for you on the condition that you cure me." The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you." So, he believed in and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَلِكَ فَجَلَسَ مِنْهُ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ: يَا فُلَانُ، مَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ بَصَرَكَ؟ فَـقَالَ: رَبِّي. فَـقَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ سِحْرِكَ أَنْ تُبْرِىءَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَهذِهِ الْأَدْوَاءَ قَالَ: مَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: أَوَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَيْضًا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِالرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَعْمَى: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَام: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ إِلى جَبَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ ذُرْوَتَهُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإِلَّا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلَوْا بِهِ الْجَبَلَ قَالَ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَرَجَفَ بِهِمُ الْجَبَلُ فَدُهْدِهُوا أَجْمَعُونَ، وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا لَجَجْتُمْ بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَغَرِّقُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَلَجَّجُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَـقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَغَرِقُوا أَجْمَعُونَ. Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he used to sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight" The courtier replied, "My Lord." The king then said, "I did" The courtier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah" The king said, "Do you have another Lord beside me" The courtier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah." The king tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy. So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, "O boy! Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital blindness, leprosy and other diseases" He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure." The king said, "Me" The boy replied, "No." The king asked, "Do you have another Lord besides me" The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah." So, he tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk was brought to him and the king said to him, "Abandon your religion." The monk refused and so the king ordered a saw to be brought which was placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then it was said to the man who used to be blind, "Abandon your religion." He refused to do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then the boy was brought and it was said to him, "Abandon your religion." He refused and so the king sent him to the top of such and such mountain with some people. He told the people, "Ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its peak, then see if he abandons his religion; otherwise throw him from the top." They took him and when they ascended to the top, he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that You wish." So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came back walking to the king. The king said, "What did your companions (the people I sent with you) do" The boy said, "Allah saved me from them." So, the king ordered some people to take the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him." So, they took him out to sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that you wish." So they were all drowned in the sea. وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ حَتْى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَـقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِقَاتِلي حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قَتْلِي، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ تَصْلُبُنِي عَلَى جِذْع وَتَأْخُذُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي، ثُمَّ قُلْ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ. فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذلِكَ قَـتَلْتَنِـي. فَفَعَلَ وَوَضَعَ السَّهْمَ فِي كَبِدِ قَوْسِهِ ثُمَّ رَمَاهُ وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِهِ، فَوَضَعَ الْغُلَامُ يَدَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِع السَّهْم وَمَاتَ، فَـقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلَام. فَقِيلَ لِلْمَلِكِ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ؟ فَقَدْ وَاللهِ نَزَلَ بِكَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ، فَخُدَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَخَادِيدُ وَأُضْرِمَتْ فِيهَا النِّيرَانُ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَدَعُوهُ، وَإِلَّا فَأَقْحِمُوهُ فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَكَانُوا يَتَعَادُّونَ فِيهَا وَيَتَدَافَعُونَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرأَةٌ بابْنٍ لَهَا تُرْضِعُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهَا تَقَاعَسَتْ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِي النَّارِ فَـقَالَ الصَّبِيُّ: اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهْ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَق» Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, "What did your companions do" The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from them." Then he said to the king, "You will not be able to kill me until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able to kill me." The king asked, "And what is that" The boy said, "Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.' If you do this, you will be able to kill me." So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow, he shot it, saying, "In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy." The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in the Lord of the boy!" Then it was said to the king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have believed (in the Lord of the boy)." So he ordered that ditches be dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in them. Then the king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the fire." They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire, so her baby said to her, "Be patient mother! For verily, you are following the truth!") Muslim also recorded this Hadith at the end of the Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar related this story in his book of Sirah in another way that has some differences from that which has just been related. Then, after Ibn Ishaq explained that the people of Najran began following the religion of the boy after his murder, which was the religion of Christianity, he said, "Then (the king) Dhu Nuwas came to them with his army and called them to Judaism. He gave them a choice to either accept Judaism or be killed, so they chose death. Thus, he had a ditch dug and burned (some of them) in the fire (in the ditch), while others he killed with the sword. He made an example of them (by slaughtering them) until he had killed almost twenty thousand of them. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army that Allah revealed to His Messenger : قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ - وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ - الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers. And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise! To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And Allah is Witness over everything.) (85:4-9)" This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- that the one who killed the People of the Ditch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur`ah. In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him, but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrote to An-Najashi, the King of Abyssinia. So, he sent with him an army of Abyssinian Christians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from the hands of the Jews. Dhu Nuwas tried to flee but eventually fell into the sea and drowned. After this, the kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christian power for seventy years. Then the power was divested from the Christians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, the king of Persia sent an army there (to Yemen). He (the king) sent with him (Sayf Al-Himyari) those people who were in the prisons, and they were close to seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen with them and returned the kingdom back to the people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will mention a portion of this -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss the Tafsir of the Surah: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَـبِ الْفِيلِ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant) (105:1) The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُواْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Verily, those who put into trial the believing men and believing women,) meaning, they burned (them). This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُواْ (and then do not turn in repentance,) meaning, `they do not cease from what they are doing, and do not regret what they had done before.' فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ (then they will have the torment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the burning Fire.) This is because the recompense is based upon the type of deed performed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Look at this generosity and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He still invites them to make repentance and seek forgiveness."

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَمَا نَقَمُوا مِنْهُمْ إِلا أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وما وجد هؤلاء الكفار الذين فتنوا المؤمنين على المؤمنين والمؤمنات بالنار في شيء، ولا فعلوا بهم ما فعلوا بسبب، إلا من أجل أنهم آمنوا بالله، وقال: ( إلا أن يؤمنوا بالله ) لأن المعنى إلا إيمانهم بالله، فلذلك حَسُنَ في موضعه ( يؤمنوا ) ، إذ كان الإيمان لهم صفة ( الْعَزِيزِ ) يقول: الشديد في انتقامه ممن انتقم منه ( الْحَمِيدِ ) يقول: المحمود بإحسانه إلى خلقه.

Verset 9

Révélé à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. L'interprétation du mot Buruj : Allah jure par le ciel et ses Buruj. Les Buruj sont les étoiles géantes, comme Allah le dit : « Béni soit Celui qui a placé dans le ciel des Buruj, et y a placé une lampe éclatante (le soleil) et une lune éclairante » (25:61). Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah et As-Suddi ont tous dit : « Al-Buruj sont les étoiles. » Al-Minhal bin `Amr a dit à propos de « Par le ciel qui détient les Buruj » : « La belle création. » Ibn Jarir a choisi l'avis selon lequel cela désigne les positions du soleil et de la lune, qui sont douze Buruj. Le soleil traverse chacune de ces « Burj » (singulier de Buruj) en un mois. La lune traverse chacune de ces Burj en deux jours et un tiers, ce qui fait un total de vingt-huit positions, et elle est cachée pendant deux nuits. L'explication du Jour promis, du Témoin et du Témoigné : Allah dit : « Et par le Jour promis. Et par le Témoin, et par le Témoigné. » Ibn Abi Hatim a rapporté d'Abu Hurayrah que le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : « Et par le Jour promis » (cela fait référence au Jour du Jugement). « Et par le Témoin » (cela fait référence au vendredi, et le soleil ne se lève ni ne se couche sur un jour meilleur que le vendredi. Pendant celui-ci, il y a une heure qu'aucun serviteur musulman ne saisit en demandant à Allah quelque bien sans qu'Allah ne le lui donne, et il ne cherche refuge contre aucun mal sans qu'Allah ne l'en protège). « Et par le Témoigné » (cela fait référence au jour de `Arafah).

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are the giant stars, as Allah says, تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Blessed is He Who has placed in the heaven Buruj, and has placed therein a great lamp (the sun), and a moon giving light.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are the stars." Al-Minhal bin `Amr said, وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (By the heaven holding the Buruj.) "The beautiful creation." Ibn Jarir chose the view that it means the positions of the sun and the moon, which are twelve Buruj. The sun travels through each one of these "Burj" (singular of Buruj) in one month. The moon travels through each one of these Burj in two-and-a-third days, which makes a total of twenty-eight positions, and it is hidden for two nights. The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (And by the Promised Day. And by the Witness, and by the Witnessed.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة» (And by the Promised Day.)( This refers to the Day of Judgement. (And by the Witness.) This refers to Friday, and the sun does not rise or set on a day that is better than Friday. During it there is an hour that no Muslim servant catches while asking Allah from some good except that Allah will give it to him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except that Allah will protect him. (And by the Witnessed.)( This refers to the day of `Arafah (in Hajj).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded the same Hadith. It has also been recorded as a statement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (to this Hadith). Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, Allah's statement, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ (Cursed were (Qutila) the People of the Ditch (Ukhdud).) meaning, the companions of the Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means ditches in the ground. This is information about a group of people who were among the disbelievers. They went after those among them who believed in Allah and they attempted to force them to give up their religion. However, the believers refused to recant, so they dug a ditch for them in the ground. Then they lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order to keep it ablaze. Then they tried to convince them (the believers) to apostate from their religion (again), but they still refused them. So they threw them into the fire. Thus, Allah says, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers.) meaning, they were witnesses to what was done to these believers. Allah said, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise!) meaning, they did not commit any sin according to these people, except for their faith in Allah the Almighty, Who does not treat unjustly those who desire to be with Him. He is the Most Mighty and Most Praiseworthy in all of His statements, actions, legislation, and decrees. He decreed what happened to these servants of His at the hands of the disbelievers - and He is the Most Mighty, the Most Praiseworthy - even though the reason for this decree is unknown to many people. Then Allah says, الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth!) Among His perfect Attributes is that He is the Owner of all of the heavens, the earth, whatever is in them, and whatever is between them. وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (And Allah is Witness over everything.) meaning, nothing is concealed from Him in all of the heavens and the earth, nor is anything hidden from Him. The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ وَكَانَ لَهُ سَاحِرٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ السَّاحِرُ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنِّي قَدْ كَبُرَ سِنِّي وَحَضَرَ أَجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غُلَامًا لِأُعَلِّمَهُ السِّحْرَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُلَامًا فَكَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ، وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فَأَعْجَبَهُ نَحْوُهُ وَكَلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإِذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذلِكَ إِلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَـقَالَ: إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّاحِرُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَظِيعَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَجُوزُوا. فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَـقَالَ: اللْهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ وَأَرْضَى مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ فَاقْتُلْ هذِهِ الدَّابَّةَ حَتْى يَجُوزَ النَّاسُ، ورَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا وَمَضَى النَّاسُ. (Among the people who came before you, there was a king who had a sorcerer, and when that sorcerer became old, he said to the king, "I have become old and my time is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can teach magic." So, he sent him a boy and the sorcerer taught him magic. Whenever the boy went to the sorcerer, he sat with a monk who was on the way and listened to his speech and admired them. So, when he went to the sorcerer, he passed by the monk and sat there with him; and on visiting the sorcerer the latter would thrash him. So, the boy complained about this to the monk. The monk said to him, "Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer, say to him: `My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy."' So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were unable to pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whether the sorcerer is better or the monk is better." So, he took a stone and said, "O Allah! If the deeds and actions of the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road)." Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by on the road. فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّاهِبَ بِذلِكَ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ مِنِّي وَإِنَّكَ سَتُبْتَلَى، فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلَا تَدُلَّ عَلَيَّ، فَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ يُبْرِىءُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَيَشْفِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ فَعَمِيَ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ بِهَدَايَا كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اشْفِنِي وَلَكَ مَا ههُنَا أَجْمَعُ، فَـقَالَ: مَا أَنَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا، إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَشَفَاكَ، فَآمَنَ فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ. The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk said to him, "O my son! Today you are better than I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me." The boy used to treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a number of gifts for the boy and said, "All these gifts are for you on the condition that you cure me." The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you." So, he believed in and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَلِكَ فَجَلَسَ مِنْهُ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ: يَا فُلَانُ، مَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ بَصَرَكَ؟ فَـقَالَ: رَبِّي. فَـقَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ سِحْرِكَ أَنْ تُبْرِىءَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَهذِهِ الْأَدْوَاءَ قَالَ: مَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: أَوَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَيْضًا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِالرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَعْمَى: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَام: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ إِلى جَبَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ ذُرْوَتَهُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإِلَّا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلَوْا بِهِ الْجَبَلَ قَالَ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَرَجَفَ بِهِمُ الْجَبَلُ فَدُهْدِهُوا أَجْمَعُونَ، وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا لَجَجْتُمْ بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَغَرِّقُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَلَجَّجُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَـقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَغَرِقُوا أَجْمَعُونَ. Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he used to sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight" The courtier replied, "My Lord." The king then said, "I did" The courtier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah" The king said, "Do you have another Lord beside me" The courtier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah." The king tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy. So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, "O boy! Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital blindness, leprosy and other diseases" He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure." The king said, "Me" The boy replied, "No." The king asked, "Do you have another Lord besides me" The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah." So, he tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk was brought to him and the king said to him, "Abandon your religion." The monk refused and so the king ordered a saw to be brought which was placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then it was said to the man who used to be blind, "Abandon your religion." He refused to do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then the boy was brought and it was said to him, "Abandon your religion." He refused and so the king sent him to the top of such and such mountain with some people. He told the people, "Ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its peak, then see if he abandons his religion; otherwise throw him from the top." They took him and when they ascended to the top, he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that You wish." So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came back walking to the king. The king said, "What did your companions (the people I sent with you) do" The boy said, "Allah saved me from them." So, the king ordered some people to take the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him." So, they took him out to sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that you wish." So they were all drowned in the sea. وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ حَتْى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَـقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِقَاتِلي حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قَتْلِي، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ تَصْلُبُنِي عَلَى جِذْع وَتَأْخُذُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي، ثُمَّ قُلْ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ. فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذلِكَ قَـتَلْتَنِـي. فَفَعَلَ وَوَضَعَ السَّهْمَ فِي كَبِدِ قَوْسِهِ ثُمَّ رَمَاهُ وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِهِ، فَوَضَعَ الْغُلَامُ يَدَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِع السَّهْم وَمَاتَ، فَـقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلَام. فَقِيلَ لِلْمَلِكِ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ؟ فَقَدْ وَاللهِ نَزَلَ بِكَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ، فَخُدَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَخَادِيدُ وَأُضْرِمَتْ فِيهَا النِّيرَانُ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَدَعُوهُ، وَإِلَّا فَأَقْحِمُوهُ فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَكَانُوا يَتَعَادُّونَ فِيهَا وَيَتَدَافَعُونَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرأَةٌ بابْنٍ لَهَا تُرْضِعُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهَا تَقَاعَسَتْ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِي النَّارِ فَـقَالَ الصَّبِيُّ: اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهْ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَق» Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, "What did your companions do" The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from them." Then he said to the king, "You will not be able to kill me until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able to kill me." The king asked, "And what is that" The boy said, "Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.' If you do this, you will be able to kill me." So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow, he shot it, saying, "In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy." The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in the Lord of the boy!" Then it was said to the king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have believed (in the Lord of the boy)." So he ordered that ditches be dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in them. Then the king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the fire." They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire, so her baby said to her, "Be patient mother! For verily, you are following the truth!") Muslim also recorded this Hadith at the end of the Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar related this story in his book of Sirah in another way that has some differences from that which has just been related. Then, after Ibn Ishaq explained that the people of Najran began following the religion of the boy after his murder, which was the religion of Christianity, he said, "Then (the king) Dhu Nuwas came to them with his army and called them to Judaism. He gave them a choice to either accept Judaism or be killed, so they chose death. Thus, he had a ditch dug and burned (some of them) in the fire (in the ditch), while others he killed with the sword. He made an example of them (by slaughtering them) until he had killed almost twenty thousand of them. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army that Allah revealed to His Messenger : قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ - وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ - الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers. And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise! To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And Allah is Witness over everything.) (85:4-9)" This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- that the one who killed the People of the Ditch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur`ah. In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him, but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrote to An-Najashi, the King of Abyssinia. So, he sent with him an army of Abyssinian Christians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from the hands of the Jews. Dhu Nuwas tried to flee but eventually fell into the sea and drowned. After this, the kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christian power for seventy years. Then the power was divested from the Christians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, the king of Persia sent an army there (to Yemen). He (the king) sent with him (Sayf Al-Himyari) those people who were in the prisons, and they were close to seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen with them and returned the kingdom back to the people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will mention a portion of this -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss the Tafsir of the Surah: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَـبِ الْفِيلِ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant) (105:1) The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُواْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Verily, those who put into trial the believing men and believing women,) meaning, they burned (them). This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُواْ (and then do not turn in repentance,) meaning, `they do not cease from what they are doing, and do not regret what they had done before.' فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ (then they will have the torment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the burning Fire.) This is because the recompense is based upon the type of deed performed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Look at this generosity and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He still invites them to make repentance and seek forgiveness."

📜 Texte arabe source

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (9)

يقول تعالى ذكره: الذي له سلطان السموات السبع والأرضين وما فيهنّ( وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: والله على فِعْل هؤلاء الكفار من أصحاب الأخدود بالمؤمنين الذين فتنوهم شاهد، وعلى غير ذلك من أفعالهم وأفعال جميع خلقه، وهو مجازيهم جزاءهم.

Verset 10

Révélé à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. L'interprétation du mot Buruj : Allah jure par le ciel et ses Buruj. Les Buruj sont les étoiles géantes, comme Allah le dit : « Béni soit Celui qui a placé dans le ciel des Buruj, et y a placé une lampe éclatante (le soleil) et une lune éclairante » (25:61). Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah et As-Suddi ont tous dit : « Al-Buruj sont les étoiles. » Al-Minhal bin `Amr a dit à propos de « Par le ciel qui détient les Buruj » : « La belle création. » Ibn Jarir a choisi l'avis selon lequel cela désigne les positions du soleil et de la lune, qui sont douze Buruj. Le soleil traverse chacune de ces « Burj » (singulier de Buruj) en un mois. La lune traverse chacune de ces Burj en deux jours et un tiers, ce qui fait un total de vingt-huit positions, et elle est cachée pendant deux nuits. L'explication du Jour promis, du Témoin et du Témoigné : Allah dit : « Et par le Jour promis. Et par le Témoin, et par le Témoigné. » Ibn Abi Hatim a rapporté d'Abu Hurayrah que le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : « Et par le Jour promis » (cela fait référence au Jour du Jugement). « Et par le Témoin » (cela fait référence au vendredi, et le soleil ne se lève ni ne se couche sur un jour meilleur que le vendredi. Pendant celui-ci, il y a une heure qu'aucun serviteur musulman ne saisit en demandant à Allah quelque bien sans qu'Allah ne le lui donne, et il ne cherche refuge contre aucun mal sans qu'Allah ne l'en protège). « Et par le Témoigné » (cela fait référence au jour de `Arafah).

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are the giant stars, as Allah says, تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُّنِيراً (Blessed is He Who has placed in the heaven Buruj, and has placed therein a great lamp (the sun), and a moon giving light.) (25:61) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are the stars." Al-Minhal bin `Amr said, وَالسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (By the heaven holding the Buruj.) "The beautiful creation." Ibn Jarir chose the view that it means the positions of the sun and the moon, which are twelve Buruj. The sun travels through each one of these "Burj" (singular of Buruj) in one month. The moon travels through each one of these Burj in two-and-a-third days, which makes a total of twenty-eight positions, and it is hidden for two nights. The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ - وَشَـهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (And by the Promised Day. And by the Witness, and by the Witnessed.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَمَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَفِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِيذُ فِيهَا مِنْ شَرَ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ. وَمَشْهُودٍ يَوْمُ عَرَفَة» (And by the Promised Day.)( This refers to the Day of Judgement. (And by the Witness.) This refers to Friday, and the sun does not rise or set on a day that is better than Friday. During it there is an hour that no Muslim servant catches while asking Allah from some good except that Allah will give it to him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except that Allah will protect him. (And by the Witnessed.)( This refers to the day of `Arafah (in Hajj).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded the same Hadith. It has also been recorded as a statement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (to this Hadith). Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, Allah's statement, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ (Cursed were (Qutila) the People of the Ditch (Ukhdud).) meaning, the companions of the Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means ditches in the ground. This is information about a group of people who were among the disbelievers. They went after those among them who believed in Allah and they attempted to force them to give up their religion. However, the believers refused to recant, so they dug a ditch for them in the ground. Then they lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order to keep it ablaze. Then they tried to convince them (the believers) to apostate from their religion (again), but they still refused them. So they threw them into the fire. Thus, Allah says, قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers.) meaning, they were witnesses to what was done to these believers. Allah said, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise!) meaning, they did not commit any sin according to these people, except for their faith in Allah the Almighty, Who does not treat unjustly those who desire to be with Him. He is the Most Mighty and Most Praiseworthy in all of His statements, actions, legislation, and decrees. He decreed what happened to these servants of His at the hands of the disbelievers - and He is the Most Mighty, the Most Praiseworthy - even though the reason for this decree is unknown to many people. Then Allah says, الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ (To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth!) Among His perfect Attributes is that He is the Owner of all of the heavens, the earth, whatever is in them, and whatever is between them. وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (And Allah is Witness over everything.) meaning, nothing is concealed from Him in all of the heavens and the earth, nor is anything hidden from Him. The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مَلِكٌ وَكَانَ لَهُ سَاحِرٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ السَّاحِرُ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنِّي قَدْ كَبُرَ سِنِّي وَحَضَرَ أَجَلِي، فَادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غُلَامًا لِأُعَلِّمَهُ السِّحْرَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُلَامًا فَكَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُ السِّحْرَ، وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فَأَعْجَبَهُ نَحْوُهُ وَكَلَامُهُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَى السَّاحِرَ ضَرَبَهُ وَقَالَ: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ وَإِذَا أَتَى أَهْلَهُ ضَرَبُوهُ وَقَالُوا: مَا حَبَسَكَ؟ فَشَكَا ذلِكَ إِلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَـقَالَ: إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّاحِرُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي أَهْلِي، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوكَ فَقُلْ: حَبَسَنِي السَّاحِرُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَظِيعَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ حَبَسَتِ النَّاسَ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَجُوزُوا. فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ أَمْ أَمْرُ السَّاحِرِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَـقَالَ: اللْهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ الرَّاهِبِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ وَأَرْضَى مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّاحِرِ فَاقْتُلْ هذِهِ الدَّابَّةَ حَتْى يَجُوزَ النَّاسُ، ورَمَاهَا فَقَتَلَهَا وَمَضَى النَّاسُ. (Among the people who came before you, there was a king who had a sorcerer, and when that sorcerer became old, he said to the king, "I have become old and my time is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can teach magic." So, he sent him a boy and the sorcerer taught him magic. Whenever the boy went to the sorcerer, he sat with a monk who was on the way and listened to his speech and admired them. So, when he went to the sorcerer, he passed by the monk and sat there with him; and on visiting the sorcerer the latter would thrash him. So, the boy complained about this to the monk. The monk said to him, "Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer, say to him: `My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy."' So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were unable to pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whether the sorcerer is better or the monk is better." So, he took a stone and said, "O Allah! If the deeds and actions of the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road)." Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by on the road. فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّاهِبَ بِذلِكَ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ مِنِّي وَإِنَّكَ سَتُبْتَلَى، فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ فَلَا تَدُلَّ عَلَيَّ، فَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ يُبْرِىءُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَسَائِرَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَيَشْفِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ لِلْمَلِكِ جَلِيسٌ فَعَمِيَ فَسَمِعَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ بِهَدَايَا كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ: اشْفِنِي وَلَكَ مَا ههُنَا أَجْمَعُ، فَـقَالَ: مَا أَنَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا، إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ دَعَوْتُ اللهَ فَشَفَاكَ، فَآمَنَ فَدَعَا اللهَ فَشَفَاهُ. The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk said to him, "O my son! Today you are better than I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me." The boy used to treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a number of gifts for the boy and said, "All these gifts are for you on the condition that you cure me." The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you." So, he believed in and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَلِكَ فَجَلَسَ مِنْهُ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ: يَا فُلَانُ، مَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ بَصَرَكَ؟ فَـقَالَ: رَبِّي. فَـقَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: وَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَـقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ بَلَغَ مِنْ سِحْرِكَ أَنْ تُبْرِىءَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَهذِهِ الْأَدْوَاءَ قَالَ: مَا أَشْفِي أَحَدًا إِنَّمَا يَشْفِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَنَا؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: أَوَلَكَ رَبٌّ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَيْضًا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتْى دَلَّ عَلَى الرَّاهِبِ فَأُتِيَ بِالرَّاهِبِ فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَعْمَى: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَوَضَعَ الْمِنْشَارَ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِهِ حَتْى وَقَعَ شِقَّاهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَام: ارْجِعْ عَنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ إِلى جَبَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَالَ: إِذَا بَلَغْتُمْ ذُرْوَتَهُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَإِلَّا فَدَهْدِهُوهُ، فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلَوْا بِهِ الْجَبَلَ قَالَ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَرَجَفَ بِهِمُ الْجَبَلُ فَدُهْدِهُوا أَجْمَعُونَ، وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ يَتَلَمَّسُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ نَفَرٍ فِي قُرْقُورٍ فَقَالَ: إِذَا لَجَجْتُمْ بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَغَرِّقُوهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَلَجَّجُوا بِهِ الْبَحْرَ فَـقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: اللْهُمَّ اكْفِنِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَغَرِقُوا أَجْمَعُونَ. Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he used to sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight" The courtier replied, "My Lord." The king then said, "I did" The courtier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah" The king said, "Do you have another Lord beside me" The courtier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah." The king tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy. So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, "O boy! Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital blindness, leprosy and other diseases" He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure." The king said, "Me" The boy replied, "No." The king asked, "Do you have another Lord besides me" The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah." So, he tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk was brought to him and the king said to him, "Abandon your religion." The monk refused and so the king ordered a saw to be brought which was placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then it was said to the man who used to be blind, "Abandon your religion." He refused to do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in the middle of his head and he fell, sawn in two. Then the boy was brought and it was said to him, "Abandon your religion." He refused and so the king sent him to the top of such and such mountain with some people. He told the people, "Ascend up the mountain with him till you reach its peak, then see if he abandons his religion; otherwise throw him from the top." They took him and when they ascended to the top, he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that You wish." So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came back walking to the king. The king said, "What did your companions (the people I sent with you) do" The boy said, "Allah saved me from them." So, the king ordered some people to take the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him." So, they took him out to sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from them by any means that you wish." So they were all drowned in the sea. وَجَاءَ الْغُلَامُ حَتْى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ فَـقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَصْحَابُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَفَانِيهِمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ: إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِقَاتِلي حَتْى تَفْعَلَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قَتْلِي، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: تَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ تَصْلُبُنِي عَلَى جِذْع وَتَأْخُذُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي، ثُمَّ قُلْ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ. فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذلِكَ قَـتَلْتَنِـي. فَفَعَلَ وَوَضَعَ السَّهْمَ فِي كَبِدِ قَوْسِهِ ثُمَّ رَمَاهُ وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ الْغُلَامِ، فَوَقَعَ السَّهْمُ فِي صُدْغِهِ، فَوَضَعَ الْغُلَامُ يَدَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِع السَّهْم وَمَاتَ، فَـقَالَ النَّاسُ: آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْغُلَام. فَقِيلَ لِلْمَلِكِ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا كُنْتَ تَحْذَرُ؟ فَقَدْ وَاللهِ نَزَلَ بِكَ، قَدْ آمَنَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ، فَخُدَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَخَادِيدُ وَأُضْرِمَتْ فِيهَا النِّيرَانُ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَدَعُوهُ، وَإِلَّا فَأَقْحِمُوهُ فِيهَا، قَالَ: فَكَانُوا يَتَعَادُّونَ فِيهَا وَيَتَدَافَعُونَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرأَةٌ بابْنٍ لَهَا تُرْضِعُهُ، فَكَأَنَّهَا تَقَاعَسَتْ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِي النَّارِ فَـقَالَ الصَّبِيُّ: اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهْ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَق» Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, "What did your companions do" The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from them." Then he said to the king, "You will not be able to kill me until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able to kill me." The king asked, "And what is that" The boy said, "Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.' If you do this, you will be able to kill me." So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow, he shot it, saying, "In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy." The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in the Lord of the boy!" Then it was said to the king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have believed (in the Lord of the boy)." So he ordered that ditches be dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in them. Then the king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the fire." They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire, so her baby said to her, "Be patient mother! For verily, you are following the truth!") Muslim also recorded this Hadith at the end of the Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar related this story in his book of Sirah in another way that has some differences from that which has just been related. Then, after Ibn Ishaq explained that the people of Najran began following the religion of the boy after his murder, which was the religion of Christianity, he said, "Then (the king) Dhu Nuwas came to them with his army and called them to Judaism. He gave them a choice to either accept Judaism or be killed, so they chose death. Thus, he had a ditch dug and burned (some of them) in the fire (in the ditch), while others he killed with the sword. He made an example of them (by slaughtering them) until he had killed almost twenty thousand of them. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army that Allah revealed to His Messenger : قُتِلَ أَصْحَـبُ الاٍّخْدُودِ - النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ - إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ - وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ - الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (Cursed were the People of the Ditch. Of fire fed with fuel. When they sat by it. And they witnessed what they were doing against the believers. And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, the Almighty, Worthy of all praise! To Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And Allah is Witness over everything.) (85:4-9)" This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- that the one who killed the People of the Ditch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur`ah. In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him, but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrote to An-Najashi, the King of Abyssinia. So, he sent with him an army of Abyssinian Christians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from the hands of the Jews. Dhu Nuwas tried to flee but eventually fell into the sea and drowned. After this, the kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christian power for seventy years. Then the power was divested from the Christians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, the king of Persia sent an army there (to Yemen). He (the king) sent with him (Sayf Al-Himyari) those people who were in the prisons, and they were close to seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen with them and returned the kingdom back to the people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will mention a portion of this -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss the Tafsir of the Surah: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَـبِ الْفِيلِ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant) (105:1) The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُواْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Verily, those who put into trial the believing men and believing women,) meaning, they burned (them). This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُواْ (and then do not turn in repentance,) meaning, `they do not cease from what they are doing, and do not regret what they had done before.' فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ (then they will have the torment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the burning Fire.) This is because the recompense is based upon the type of deed performed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Look at this generosity and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He still invites them to make repentance and seek forgiveness."

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ) يقول: إن الذين ابْتَلَوُا المؤمنين والمؤمنات بالله بتعذيبهم، وإحراقهم بالنار.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثنى أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ) حرّقوا المؤمنين والمؤمنات.

حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، في قوله: ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا ) قَالَ: عَذَّبُوا.

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ) قال: حرّقوهم بالنار.

حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ) يقول: حرّقوهم.

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا يعقوب، عن جعفر، عن ابن أبزى ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ) حرّقوهم.

وقوله: ( ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا ) يقول: ثم لم يتوبوا من كفرهم وفعلهم الذي فعلوا بالمؤمنين والمؤمنات من أجل إيمانهم بالله ( فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ ) في الآخرة ( وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ ) في الدنيا.

كما حُدثت عن عمار، قال: ثنا عبد الله بن أبي جعفر، عن أبيه، عن الربيع ( فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ ) في الآخرة ( وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ ) في الدنيا.

Verset 11

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah. Allah informe au sujet de Ses serviteurs croyants que « pour eux seront des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières. » C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit : « Voilà le succès suprême. » Puis Allah dit : « En vérité, la punition de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureuse », c'est-à-dire que Sa punition et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, sont sévères, grandes et fortes. Car en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. Il est Celui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapidement. Ainsi, Allah dit : « En vérité, c'est Lui qui commence et répète », c'est-à-dire que de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. « Et Il est le Pardonneur, Al-Wadud », c'est-à-dire qu'Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : « Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant). » « Détenteur du Trône », c'est-à-dire le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit : « Al-Majid (le Glorieux) ». Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dhammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. « Il fait ce qu'Il veut », c'est-à-dire que quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance.

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَارُ ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (11)

يقول تعالى ذكره: إن الذين أقرّوا بتوحيد الله، وهم هؤلاء القوم الذين حرّقهم أصحاب الأخدود وغيرهم من سائر أهل التوحيد ( وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ ) يقول: وعملوا بطاعة الله، وأْتَمروا لأمره، وانتهَوْا عما نهاهم عنه ( لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الأنْهَارُ ) يقول: لهم في الآخرة عند الله بساتين تجري من تحتها الأنهار والخمر واللبن والعسل ( ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ ) يقول: هذا الذي هو لهؤلاء المؤمنين في الآخرة، هو الظفر الكبير بما طلبوا والتمسوا بإيمانهم بالله في الدنيا، وعملهم بما أمرهم الله به فيها ورضيه منهم.

Verset 12

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah. Allah informe au sujet de Ses serviteurs croyants que « pour eux seront des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières. » C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit : « Voilà le succès suprême. » Puis Allah dit : « En vérité, la punition de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureuse », c'est-à-dire que Sa punition et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, sont sévères, grandes et fortes. Car en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. Il est Celui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapidement. Ainsi, Allah dit : « En vérité, c'est Lui qui commence et répète », c'est-à-dire que de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. « Et Il est le Pardonneur, Al-Wadud », c'est-à-dire qu'Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : « Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant). » « Détenteur du Trône », c'est-à-dire le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit : « Al-Majid (le Glorieux) ». Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dhammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. « Il fait ce qu'Il veut », c'est-à-dire que quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance.

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ ) يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: إن بطش ربك يا محمد لمن بطش به من خلقه، وهو انتقامه ممن انتقم منه &; 24-345 &; لشديد، وهو تحذير من الله لقوم رسوله محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، أن يُحلّ بهم من عذابه ونقمته، نظير الذي حلّ بأصحاب الأخدود على كفرهم به، وتكذيبهم رسوله، وفتنتهم المؤمنين والمؤمنات منهم.

Verset 13

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah. Allah informe au sujet de Ses serviteurs croyants que « pour eux seront des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières. » C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit : « Voilà le succès suprême. » Puis Allah dit : « En vérité, la punition de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureuse », c'est-à-dire que Sa punition et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, sont sévères, grandes et fortes. Car en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. Il est Celui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapidement. Ainsi, Allah dit : « En vérité, c'est Lui qui commence et répète », c'est-à-dire que de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. « Et Il est le Pardonneur, Al-Wadud », c'est-à-dire qu'Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : « Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant). » « Détenteur du Trône », c'est-à-dire le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit : « Al-Majid (le Glorieux) ». Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dhammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. « Il fait ce qu'Il veut », c'est-à-dire que quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance.

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِئُ وَيُعِيدُ (13)

اختلف أهل التأويل في معنى قوله: ( إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِئُ وَيُعِيدُ ) فقال بعضهم: معنى ذلك: إن الله أبدى خلقه، فهو يبتدئ، بمعنى: يحدث خلقه ابتداء، ثم يميتهم، ثم يعيدهم أحياء بعد مماتهم، كهيئتهم قبل مماتهم.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( يُبْدِئُ وَيُعِيدُ ) يعني: الخلق.

حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله: ( يُبْدِئُ وَيُعِيدُ ) قال: يُبْدِئُ الخلق حين خلقه، ويعيده يوم القيامة.

وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: إنه هو يُبْدِئُ العذاب ويعيده.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس ( إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِئُ وَيُعِيدُ ) قال: يُبْدِئُ العذاب ويعيده.

وأولى التأويلين في ذلك عندي بالصواب، وأشبههما بظاهر ما دلّ عليه التنـزيل القولُ الذي ذكرناه عن ابن عباس، وهو أنه يُبْدِئُ العذاب لأهل الكفر به ويعيد، كما قال جلّ ثناؤه: فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ في الدنيا، فأبدأ ذلك لهم في الدنيا، وهو يعيده لهم في الآخرة.

وإنما قلت: هذا أولى التأويلين بالصواب؛ لأن الله أتبع ذلك قوله: ( إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ ) فكان للبيان عن معنى شدّة بطشه الذي قد ذكره قبله، أشبه به بالبيان &; 24-346 &; عما لم يَجْرِ له ذكر، ومما يؤيد ما قلنا من ذلك وضوحًا وصحة قوله: ( وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ ) فبيَّن ذلك عن أن الذي قبله من ذكر خبره عن عذابه وشدّة عقابه.

Verset 14

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah Allah informe au sujet de Ses serviteurs croyants que لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (pour eux il y aura des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières.) C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (Voilà le succès suprême.) Puis Allah dit, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (En vérité, la punition de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureuse.) c'est-à-dire, en effet, Sa punition et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, est sévère, grande et forte. Car, en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. Il est Celui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapide. Ainsi, Allah dit, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (En vérité, c'est Lui Qui commence et répète.) c'est-à-dire, de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (Et Il est Pardonneur, Al-Wadud.) c'est-à-dire, Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : "Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Détenteur du Trône,) c'est-à-dire, le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (le Glorieux).) Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dhammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Il fait ce qu'Il veut.) c'est-à-dire, quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وهو ذو المغفرة لمن تاب إليه من ذنوبه، وذو المحبة له.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني عليّ، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، قوله: ( الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ ) يقول: الحبيب.

حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قول الله: ( الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ ) قال: الرحيم.

Verset 15

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah Allah informe au sujet de Ses serviteurs croyants que لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (pour eux il y aura des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières.) C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (Voilà le succès suprême.) Puis Allah dit, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (En vérité, la punition de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureuse.) c'est-à-dire, en effet, Sa punition et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, est sévère, grande et forte. Car, en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. Il est Celui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapide. Ainsi, Allah dit, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (En vérité, c'est Lui Qui commence et répète.) c'est-à-dire, de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (Et Il est Pardonneur, Al-Wadud.) c'est-à-dire, Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : "Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Détenteur du Trône,) c'est-à-dire, le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (le Glorieux).) Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dhammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Il fait ce qu'Il veut.) c'est-à-dire, quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( ذُو الْعَرْشِ الْمَجِيدُ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: ذو العرش الكريم.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني عليّ، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، قوله: ( ذُو الْعَرْشِ الْمَجِيدُ ) يقول: الكريم.

واختلفت القرّاء في قراءة قوله: ( الْمَجِيدُ ) فقرأته عامة قرّاء المدينة ومكة والبصرة وبعض الكوفيين رفعًا، ردًّا على قوله: ( ذُو الْعَرْشِ ) على أنه من صفة الله تعالى ذكره. وقرأ ذلك عامه قرّاء الكوفة خفضًا، على أنه من صفة العرش.

والصواب من القول في ذلك عندنا أنهما قراءتان معروفتان، فبأيتهما قرأ القارئ فمصيب.

Verset 16

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah Allah informe au sujet de Ses serviteurs croyants que لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (pour eux il y aura des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières.) C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (Voilà le succès suprême.) Puis Allah dit, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (En vérité, la punition de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureuse.) c'est-à-dire, en effet, Sa punition et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, est sévère, grande et forte. Car, en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. Il est Celui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapide. Ainsi, Allah dit, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (En vérité, c'est Lui Qui commence et répète.) c'est-à-dire, de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (Et Il est Pardonneur, Al-Wadud.) c'est-à-dire, Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : "Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Détenteur du Trône,) c'est-à-dire, le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (le Glorieux).) Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dhammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Il fait ce qu'Il veut.) c'est-à-dire, quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( فَعَّالٌ لِمَا يُرِيدُ ) يقول: هو غفار لذنوب من شاء من عباده إذا تاب وأناب منها، معاقب من أصرّ عليها وأقام، لا يمنعه مانع، مِنْ فِعْل أراد أن يفعله، ولا يحول بينه وبين ذلك حائل، لأن له مُلك السموات والأرض، وهو العزيز الحكيم.

Verset 17

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah Allah informe au sujet de Ses serviteurs croyants que لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (pour eux il y aura des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières.) C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (Voilà le succès suprême.) Puis Allah dit, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (En vérité, la punition de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureuse.) c'est-à-dire, en effet, Sa punition et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, est sévère, grande et forte. Car, en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. Il est Celui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapide. Ainsi, Allah dit, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (En vérité, c'est Lui Qui commence et répète.) c'est-à-dire, de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (Et Il est Pardonneur, Al-Wadud.) c'est-à-dire, Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : "Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Détenteur du Trône,) c'est-à-dire, le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (le Glorieux).) Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dhammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Il fait ce qu'Il veut.) c'est-à-dire, quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ ) يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: هل جاءك يا محمد حديث الجنود الذين تجندوا على الله ورسوله بأذاهم ومكروههم؛ يقول: قد أتاك ذلك وعلمته، فاصبر لأذى قومك إياك لما نالوك به من &; 24-347 &; مكروه كما صبر الذين تجند هؤلاء الجنود عليهم من رسلي، ولا يثنيك عن تبليغهم رسالتي، كما لم يُثْن الذين أرسلوا إلى هؤلاء، فإن عاقبة من لم يصدقك ويؤمن بك منهم إلى عطب وهلاك، كالذي كان من هؤلاء الجنود، ثم بين جلّ ثناؤه عن الجنود من هم.

Verset 18

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah Allah informe au sujet de Ses serviteurs croyants que لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (pour eux il y aura des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières.) C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (Voilà le succès suprême.) Puis Allah dit, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (En vérité, la punition de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureuse.) c'est-à-dire, en effet, Sa punition et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, est sévère, grande et forte. Car, en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. Il est Celui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapide. Ainsi, Allah dit, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (En vérité, c'est Lui Qui commence et répète.) c'est-à-dire, de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (Et Il est Pardonneur, Al-Wadud.) c'est-à-dire, Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : "Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Détenteur du Trône,) c'est-à-dire, le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (le Glorieux).) Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dhammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Il fait ce qu'Il veut.) c'est-à-dire, quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

فقال: ( فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ ) يقول: ( فرعون ) ، فاجتزى بذكره، إذ كان رئيس جنده من ذكر جنده وأتباعه. وإنما معنى الكلام: هل أتاك حديث الجنود، فرعون وقومه وثمود، وخفض فرعون ردًّا على الجنود، على الترجمة عنهم، وإنما فتح لأنه لا يجرى وثمود.

Verset 19

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah Allah informe Ses serviteurs croyants que لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (pour eux il y aura des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières.) C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (C'est le succès suprême.) Puis Allah dit, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (En vérité, le châtiment de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureux.) c'est-à-dire, en effet, Son châtiment et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, sont sévères, grands et forts. Car en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. C'est Lui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapide encore. Ainsi, Allah dit, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (En vérité, c'est Lui qui commence et répète.) c'est-à-dire, de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (Et Il est Pardonneur, Al-Wadud.) c'est-à-dire, Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : "Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Détenteur du Trône,) c'est-à-dire, le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (le Glorieux).) Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Il fait ce qu'Il veut.) c'est-à-dire, quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي تَكْذِيبٍ (19)

يقول تعالى ذكره: ما بهؤلاء القوم الذين يكذّبون بوعيد الله أنهم لم يأتهم أنباء من قبلهم من الأمم المكذّبة رسل الله كفرعون وقومه، وثمود وأشكالهم، وما أحلّ الله بهم من النقم بتكذيبهم الرسل، ولكنهم في تكذيبهم بوحي الله وتنـزيله، إيثارًا منهم لأهوائهم، واتِّباعًا منهم لسنن آبائهم .

Verset 20

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah Allah informe Ses serviteurs croyants que لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (pour eux il y aura des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières.) C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (C'est le succès suprême.) Puis Allah dit, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (En vérité, le châtiment de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureux.) c'est-à-dire, en effet, Son châtiment et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, sont sévères, grands et forts. Car en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. C'est Lui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapide encore. Ainsi, Allah dit, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (En vérité, c'est Lui qui commence et répète.) c'est-à-dire, de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (Et Il est Pardonneur, Al-Wadud.) c'est-à-dire, Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : "Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Détenteur du Trône,) c'est-à-dire, le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (le Glorieux).) Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Il fait ce qu'Il veut.) c'est-à-dire, quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

( وَاللَّهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ مُحِيطٌ ) بأعمالهم مُحْصٍ لها، لا يخفى عليه منها شيءٌ، وهو مجازيهم على جميعها.

Verset 21

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah Allah informe Ses serviteurs croyants que لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (pour eux il y aura des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières.) C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (C'est le succès suprême.) Puis Allah dit, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (En vérité, le châtiment de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureux.) c'est-à-dire, en effet, Son châtiment et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, sont sévères, grands et forts. Car en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. C'est Lui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapide encore. Ainsi, Allah dit, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (En vérité, c'est Lui qui commence et répète.) c'est-à-dire, de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (Et Il est Pardonneur, Al-Wadud.) c'est-à-dire, Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : "Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Détenteur du Trône,) c'est-à-dire, le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (le Glorieux).) Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Il fait ce qu'Il veut.) c'est-à-dire, quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَجِيدٌ ) يقول - تكذيبا منه جلّ ثناؤه للقائلين للقرآن هو شعر وسجع -: ما ذلك كذلك، بل هو قرآن كريم.

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَجِيدٌ ) يقول: قرآن كريم.

حدثنا أبو كريب، قال: ثنا ابن يمان، عن أشعث بن إسحاق، عن جعفر، عن سعيد، في قوله: ( بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَجِيدٌ ) قال: كريم.

Verset 22

La récompense des vertueux et la saisie sévère des ennemis mécréants d'Allah Allah informe Ses serviteurs croyants que لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (pour eux il y aura des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les rivières.) C'est l'opposé de ce qu'Il a préparé pour Ses ennemis : le Feu et l'Enfer. Ainsi, Il dit, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (C'est le succès suprême.) Puis Allah dit, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (En vérité, le châtiment de ton Seigneur est sévère et douloureux.) c'est-à-dire, en effet, Son châtiment et Sa vengeance sur Ses ennemis, qui ont rejeté Ses Messagers et se sont opposés à Son commandement, sont sévères, grands et forts. Car en vérité, Il est le Détenteur de la puissance, le Très Fort. C'est Lui qui, quoi qu'Il veuille, cela sera comme Il le veut, en un clin d'œil, ou même plus rapide encore. Ainsi, Allah dit, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (En vérité, c'est Lui qui commence et répète.) c'est-à-dire, de Sa force et de Sa puissance parfaites, Il commence la création et Il la répète comme Il l'a commencée, sans opposition ni résistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (Et Il est Pardonneur, Al-Wadud.) c'est-à-dire, Il pardonne le péché de quiconque se repent à Lui et s'humilie devant Lui, quel que soit le péché. Ibn `Abbas et d'autres ont dit à propos du nom Al-Wadud : "Cela signifie Al-Habib (l'Aimant)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Détenteur du Trône,) c'est-à-dire, le Détenteur du Trône Puissant qui est au-dessus de toute la création. Puis Il dit, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (le Glorieux).) Ce mot a été récité de deux manières différentes : soit avec une Dammah sur sa dernière lettre (Al-Majidu), qui est un attribut du Seigneur, soit avec une Kasrah sous sa dernière lettre (Al-Majid), qui est une description du Trône. Néanmoins, les deux significations sont correctes. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Il fait ce qu'Il veut.) c'est-à-dire, quoi qu'Il veuille, Il le fait, et personne ne peut contrer Son jugement. Il n'est pas interrogé sur ce qu'Il fait en raison de Sa grandeur, de Sa puissance

▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servants that لَهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَـرُ (for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is the opposite of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says, ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ (That is the supreme success.) Then Allah says, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rejected His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and strong. For verily, He is the Owner of power, Most Strong. He is the One that whatever He wants, then it will be however He wants it to be, in the matter of a blinking of an eye, or even swifter. Thus, Allah says, إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِىءُ وَيُعِيدُ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeats.) meaning, from His perfect strength and power is that He begins the creation, and He repeats it just as He began it, without opposition or resistance. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (And He is Oft-Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives the sin of whoever repents to Him and humbles himself before Him, no matter what the sin may be. Ibn `Abbas and others have said about the name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (the Loving)." ذُو الْعَرْشِ (Owner of the Throne,) meaning, the Owner of the Mighty Throne that is above all of the creation. Then He says, الْمَجِيدِ (Al-Majid (the Glorious).) This word has been recited in two different ways: either with a Dhammah over its last letter (Al-Majidu), which is an attribute of the Lord, or with a Kasrah under its last letter (Al-Majid), which is a description of the Throne. Nevertheless, both meanings are correct. فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ (Doer of what He intends.) meaning, whatever He wants He does it, and there is no one who can counter His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due to His greatness, His power, His wisdom and His justice. This is as we have related previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, that it was said to him during the illness of (his) death, "Has a doctor seen you" He replied, "Yes." They said, "What did he say to you" He replied, "He said, `I am the Doer of whatever I intend."' Concerning Allah's statement, هَلُ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ - فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ (Has the story reached you of the hosts. Of Fir`awn and Thamud) meaning, has the news reached you of what Allah caused to befall them of torment, and that He sent down upon them the punishment that no one was able to ward off from them This is the affirmation of His statement, إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ (Verily, the punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes the wrongdoer, He seizes him with a severe and painful punishment. It is the seizing punishment of One Most Mighty, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says, بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ (Nay! The disbelievers (persisted) in denying.) meaning, they are in doubt, suspicion, disbelief and rebellion. وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِمْ مُّحِيطٌ (And Allah encompasses them from behind!) meaning, He has power over them, and is able to compel them. They cannot escape Him or evade Him. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌ مَّجِيدٌ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble. فِى لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among the most high gathering, guarded from any increase, decrease, distortion, or change. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( فِي لَوْحٍ مَحْفُوظٍ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: هو قرآن كريم مُثْبَت في لوح محفوظ.

واختلفت القرّاء في قراءة قوله: ( مَحْفُوظٍ ) فقرأ ذلك مَن قرأه مِن أهل الحجاز أبو جعفر القارئ وابن كثير، ومن قرأه من قرّاء الكوفة عاصم والأعمش وحمزة &; 24-348 &; والكسائي، ومن البصريين أبو عمرو ( محفوظٍ ) خفضًا على معنى أن اللوح هو المنعوت بالحفظ. وإذا كان ذلك كذلك كان التأويل: في لوح محفوظ من الزيادة فيه والنقصان منه عما أثبته الله فيه. وقرأ ذلك من المكِّيين ابن مُحَيْصِن، ومن المدنيين نافع ( مَحْفُوظٌ ) رفعًا، ردًّا على القرآن، على أنه من نعته وصفته. وكان معنى ذلك على قراءتهما: ( بل هو قرآن مجيد ) محفوظ من التغيير والتبديل في لوح.

والصواب من القول في ذلك عندنا أنهما قراءتان معروفتان في قرأة الأمصار، صحيحتا المعنى، فبأيتهما قرأ القارئ فمصيب. وإذا كان ذلك كذلك، فبأيّ القراءتين قرأ القارئ، فتأويل القراءة التي يقرؤها على ما بيَّنا.

وقد حدثنا محمد بن بشار، قال: ثنا يحيى، قال: ثنا سفيان عن منصور، عن مجاهد ( فِي لَوْحٍ ) قال: في أمّ الكتاب.

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( فِي لَوْحٍ مَحْفُوظٍ ) عند الله.

وقال آخرون: إنما قيل محفوظ لأنه في جبهة إسرافيل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا عمرو بن عليّ، قال: سمعت قرة بن سليمان، قال: ثنا حرب بن سريج، قال: ثنا عبد العزيز بن صهيب، عن أنس بن مالك، في قوله: ( بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَجِيدٌ * فِي لَوْحٍ مَحْفُوظٍ ) قال: إن اللوح المحفوظ الذي ذكر الله، ( بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَجِيدٌ * فِي لَوْحٍ مَحْفُوظٍ ) في جَبْهَة إسرافيل.

آخر تفسير سورة البروج

📖 Tafsir — Les constellations (Sourate 85)

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