📖 Tafsir — Le jour montant (Sourate 93)

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Ibn Kathir Al-Tabari Al-Qurtubi Al-Baghawi
Verset 1
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha. L'imam Ahmad a rapporté de Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : « Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï. » » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril fut lent à venir au Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : « Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï. » « Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit. » Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Lorsque le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril fut retardé de venir à lui pendant un certain nombre de jours (à une occasion). Par conséquent, le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : « Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï. » » Dans ceci, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. « Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit (Saja) » — c'est-à-dire, elle s'installe, s'obscurcit, et les domine. Cela a été dit par Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ce
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
📜 Texte arabe source

القول في تأويل قوله جل جلاله وتقدست أسماؤه وَالضُّحَى (1)

أقسم ربنا جلّ ثناؤه بالضحى، وهو النهار كله، وأحسب أنه من قولهم: ضَحِيَ فلان للشمس: إذا ظهر منه؛ ومنه قوله: وَأَنَّكَ لا تَظْمَأُ فِيهَا وَلا تَضْحَى : أي لا يصيبك فيها الشمس.

وقد ذكرت اختلاف أهل العلم في معناه في قوله: وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا مع ذكري اختيارنا فيه. وقيل: عُنِي به وقت الضحى.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَالضُّحَى ) ساعة من ساعات النهار.

Verset 2
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha. L'imam Ahmad a rapporté de Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : « Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï. » » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril fut lent à venir au Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : « Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï. » « Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit. » Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Lorsque le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril fut retardé de venir à lui pendant un certain nombre de jours (à une occasion). Par conséquent, le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : « Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï. » » Dans ceci, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. « Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit (Saja) » — c'est-à-dire, elle s'installe, s'obscurcit, et les domine. Cela a été dit par Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ce
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) اختلف أهل التأويل في تأويله، فقال بعضهم: معناه: والليل إذا أقبل بظلامه.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) يقول: والليل إذا أقبل.

حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن الحسن، في قول الله: ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) قال: إذا لَبِسَ الناس، إذَا جاء.

وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: إذا ذهب.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني علي، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن علي، عن ابن عباس ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) يقول: إذا ذهب.

وقال آخرون: معناه: إذا استوى وسكن.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا ابن حُميد، قال: ثنا مِهْران؛ وحدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا وكيع، جميعا عن سفيان، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) قال: إذا استوى.

حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) قال: إذا استوى

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) سكن بالخلق.

حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول، في قوله: ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) يعني: استقراره وسكونه.

حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرني ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله: ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) قال: إذا سكن، قال: ذلك سجوه، كما يكون سكون البحر سجوه.

وأولى هذه الأقوال بالصواب عندي في ذلك قول من قال معناه: والليل إذا سكن بأهله، وثبت بظلامه، كما يقال: بحر ساج: إذا كان ساكنا؛ ومنه قول أعشى بني ثعلبة:

فَمَـا ذَنْبُنـا إنْ جـاشَ بَحْرُ ابنِ عَمِّكم

وَبحْـرُكَ سـاجٍ مـا يُوَارِي الدَّعامِصَا (4)

وقول الراجز:

يا حَبَّذَا القَمْرَاءُ وَاللَّيْلُ السَّاجْ

وطُرُقٌ مِثْلُ مُلاءِ النَّسَّاجْ (5)

Verset 3
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha. L'imam Ahmad a rapporté de Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : « Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï. » » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril fut lent à venir au Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : « Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï. » « Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit. » Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Lorsque le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril fut retardé de venir à lui pendant un certain nombre de jours (à une occasion). Par conséquent, le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : « Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï. » » Dans ceci, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. « Par la nuit quand elle s'obscurcit (Saja) » — c'est-à-dire, elle s'installe, s'obscurcit, et les domine. Cela a été dit par Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ce
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) وهذا جواب القسم، ومعناه: ما تركك يا محمد ربك وما أبغضك. وقيل: ( وَمَا قَلَى ) ومعناه. وما قلاك، اكتفاء بفهم السامع لمعناه، إذ كان قد تقدّم ذلك قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ ) فعرف بذلك أن المخاطب به نبيّ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني عليّ، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، في قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) يقول: ما تركك ربك، وما أبغضك.

حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) قال: ما قلاك ربك وما أبغضك؛ قال: والقالي: المبغِض.

وذُكر أن هذه السورة نـزلت على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تكذيبا من الله قريشا في قيلهم لرسول الله، لما أبطأ عليه الوحي: قد ودّع محمدًا ربه وقلاه.

* ذكر الرواية بذلك:

حدثني عليّ بن عبد الله الدهان، قال: ثنا مفضل بن صالح، عن الأسود بن قيس العبديّ، عن ابن عبد الله، قال: لما أبطأ جبريل على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقالت امرأة من أهله، أو من قومه: ودّع الشيطان محمدا، فأنـزل الله عليه: ( وَالضُّحَى )... إلى قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

قال أبو جعفر: ابن عبد الله: هو جندب بن عبد الله البجلي.

حدثني محمد بن عيسى الدامغاني، ومحمد بن هارون القطان، قالا ثنا &; 24-486 &; سفيان، عن الأسود بن قيس سمع جندبا البجليّ يقول: أبطأ جبريل على النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى قال المشركون: ودّع محمدا ربه، فأنـزل الله: ( وَالضُّحَى * وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى * مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا ابن المثنى، قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر، قال: ثنا شعبة، عن الأسود بن قيس، أنه سمع جندبا البجلي قال: قالت امرأة لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ما أرى صاحبك إلا قد أبطأ عنك، فنـزلت هذه الآية: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن الأسود بن قيس، قال سمعت جندب بن عبد الله يقول: إن امرأة أتت النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت: ما أرى شيطانك إلا قد تركك، فنـزلت: ( وَالضُّحَى * وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى * مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا ابن أبي الشوارب، قال: ثنا عبد الواحد بن زياد، قال: ثنا سليمان الشيباني، عن عبد الله بن شدّاد أن خديجة قالت للنبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ما أرى ربك إلا قد قلاك، فأنـزل الله: ( وَالضُّحَى * وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى * مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) قال: إن جبريل عليه السلام أبطأ عليه بالوحي، فقال ناس من الناس، وهم يومئذ بمكة، ما نرى صاحبك إلا قد قلاك فودّعك، فأنـزل الله ما تسمع: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، في قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) قال: أبطأ عليه جبريل، فقال المشركون: قد قلاه ربه وودّعه، فأنـزل الله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) مكث جبريل عن محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال المشركون: قد ودّعه ربه وقلاه، فأنـزل الله هذه الآية .

حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) قال: لما نـزل عليه القرآن، أبطأ عنه جبريل أياما، فعُيّر بذلك، فقال المشركون: ودّعه ربه وقلاه، فأنـزل الله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا وكيع، عن هشام بن عروة، عن أبيه، قال أبطأ جبريل على النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فجزع جزعا شديدا، وقالت خديجة: أرى ربك قد قلاك، مما نرى من جزعك، قال: فنـزلت ( وَالضُّحَى وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى )... إلى آخرها .

Verset 4
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha. L'imam Ahmad a rapporté d'après Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril avait tardé à venir vers le Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit." Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Quand le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril tarda à venir vers lui pendant plusieurs jours (en une occasion). Le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » En cela, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. "Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit (Saja)" signifie : elle se calme, s'assombrit, c'est-à-dire qu'elle se calme, s'assombrit et les enveloppe. C'est ce qu'ont dit Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ceci
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَلَلآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنَ الأولَى ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وللدار الآخرة، وما أعد الله لك فيها، خير لك من الدار الدنيا وما فيها. يقول: فلا تحزن على ما فاتك منها، فإن الذي لك عند الله خير لك منها.

Verset 5
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha. L'imam Ahmad a rapporté d'après Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril avait tardé à venir vers le Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit." Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Quand le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril tarda à venir vers lui pendant plusieurs jours (en une occasion). Le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » En cela, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. "Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit (Saja)" signifie : elle se calme, s'assombrit, c'est-à-dire qu'elle se calme, s'assombrit et les enveloppe. C'est ce qu'ont dit Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ceci
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى ) يقول تعالى ذكره: ولسوف يعطيك يا محمد ربك في الآخرة من فواضل نعمه، حتى ترضى.

وقد اختلف أهل العلم في الذي وعده من العطاء، فقال بعضهم: هو ما

حدثني به موسى بن سهل الرملي، قال: ثنا عمرو بن هاشم، قال: سمعت الأوزاعيّ يحدّث، عن إسماعيل بن عبيد الله بن أبي المهاجر المخزومي، عن عليّ بن عبد الله بن عباس، عن أبيه، قال: عرض على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ما هو مفتوح على أمته من بعده كَفْرا كَفْرا، فسرّ بذلك، فأنـزل الله ( وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى ) فأعطاه في الجنة ألف قصر، في كلّ قصر، ما ينبغي من الأزواج والخدم .

حدثني محمد بن خلف العسقلاني، قال: ثني روّاد بن الجراح، عن الأوزاعيّ، عن إسماعيل بن عبيد الله، عن عليّ بن عبد الله بن عباس، في قوله: ( وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى ) قال: ألف قصر من لؤلؤ، ترابهنّ المسك، وفيهنّ ما يصلحهنّ.

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى ) ، وذلك يوم القيامة.

وقال آخرون في ذلك ما حدثني به عباد بن يعقوب، قال: ثنا الحكم بن ظهير، عن السديّ، عن ابن عباس، في قوله: ( وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى ) قال: من رضا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ألا يدخل أحد من أهل بيته النار.

Verset 6
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha. L'imam Ahmad a rapporté d'après Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril avait tardé à venir vers le Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit." Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Quand le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril tarda à venir vers lui pendant plusieurs jours (en une occasion). Le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » En cela, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. "Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit (Saja)" signifie : elle se calme, s'assombrit, c'est-à-dire qu'elle se calme, s'assombrit et les enveloppe. C'est ce qu'ont dit Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ceci
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَى ) يقول تعالى ذكره معدّدا على نبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم نعمه عنده، ومذكِّره آلاءه قِبَله: ألم يجدك يا محمد ربك يتيمًا فآوى، يقول: فجعل لك مأوى تأوي إليه، ومنـزلا تنـزله .

Verset 7
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha. L'imam Ahmad a rapporté d'après Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril avait tardé à venir vers le Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit." Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Quand le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril tarda à venir vers lui pendant plusieurs jours (en une occasion). Le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » En cela, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. "Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit (Saja)" signifie : elle se calme, s'assombrit, c'est-à-dire qu'elle se calme, s'assombrit et les enveloppe. C'est ce qu'ont dit Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ceci
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
📜 Texte arabe source

( وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالا فَهَدَى ) ووجدك على غير الذي أنت عليه اليوم.

وقال السديّ في ذلك ما حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن السديّ( وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالا ) قال: كان على أمر قومه أربعين عاما. وقيل: عُنِيَ بذلك: ووجدك في قوم ضلال فهداك.

Verset 8
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha. L'imam Ahmad a rapporté d'après Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril avait tardé à venir vers le Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit." Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Quand le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril tarda à venir vers lui pendant plusieurs jours (en une occasion). Le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » En cela, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. "Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit (Saja)" signifie : elle se calme, s'assombrit, c'est-à-dire qu'elle se calme, s'assombrit et les enveloppe. C'est ce qu'ont dit Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ceci
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلا فَأَغْنَى ) يقول: ووجدك فقيرا فأغناك، يقال منه: عال فلان يَعيل عَيْلَة، وذلك إذا افتقر؛ ومنه قول الشاعر:

فَمَــا يَــدْرِي الفَقِـيرُ مَتـى غنـاهُ

وَمــا يَــدْرِي الغَنِـيُّ مَتـى يَعِيـلُ (6)

يعني: متى يفتقر.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان ( وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلا ) فقيرا.

وذُكر أنها في مصحف عبد الله ( وَوَجَدَكَ عَدِيما فآوَى ).

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَى * وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالا فَهَدَى * وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلا فَأَغْنَى ) قال: كانت هذه منازل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، قبل أن يبعثه الله سبحانه وتعالى.

Verset 9
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha : Imam Ahmad a rapporté de Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril fut lent à venir vers le Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." (Par le matin. Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit.) Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Quand le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril tarda à venir vers lui pendant plusieurs jours (en une occasion). Le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » En cela, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. (Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit (Saja)) : c'est-à-dire qu'elle se calme, s'assombrit, et les domine. Cela a été dit par Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ceci
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
📜 Texte arabe source

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلا تَقْهَرْ (9)

يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: ( فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ ) يا محمد ( فَلا تَقْهَرْ ) يقول: فلا تظلمه، فتذهب بحقه، استضعافًا منك له.

كما حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلا &; 24-489 &; تَقْهَرْ ) : أي لا تظلم.

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن منصور، عن مجاهد ( فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلا تَقْهَرْ ) قال: تُغْمِصْه وَتحْقِره . وذُكر أن ذلك في مصحف عبد الله ( فَلا تَكْهَرْ ).

Verset 10
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha : Imam Ahmad a rapporté de Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril fut lent à venir vers le Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." (Par le matin. Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit.) Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Quand le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril tarda à venir vers lui pendant plusieurs jours (en une occasion). Le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » En cela, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. (Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit (Saja)) : c'est-à-dire qu'elle se calme, s'assombrit, et les domine. Cela a été dit par Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ceci
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
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وقوله: ( وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلا تَنْهَرْ ) يقول: وأما من سألك من ذي حاجة فلا تنهره، ولكن أطعمه واقض له حاجته .

Verset 11
Révélée à La Mecque. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. La raison de la révélation de la sourate Ad-Duha : Imam Ahmad a rapporté de Jundub qu'il a dit : « Le Prophète tomba malade, et il ne se leva pas pour la prière pendant une nuit ou deux. Puis une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad ! Je pense que ton démon t'a finalement quitté." Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim et Ibn Jarir ont tous rapporté ce hadith. Ce Jundub (qui l'a rapporté) est Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. Dans une narration d'Al-Aswad bin Qays, il a dit qu'il a entendu Jundub dire que Jibril fut lent à venir vers le Messager d'Allah. Alors les idolâtres dirent : « Le Seigneur de Muhammad l'a abandonné. » Alors Allah révéla : "Par le matin ! Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit ! Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." (Par le matin. Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit.) Al-`Awfi a rapporté d'Ibn `Abbas : « Quand le Coran fut révélé au Messager d'Allah, Jibril tarda à venir vers lui pendant plusieurs jours (en une occasion). Le Messager d'Allah en fut affecté. Puis les idolâtres commencèrent à dire : "Son Seigneur l'a abandonné et le hait." Alors Allah révéla : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné, ni haï." » En cela, Allah jure par le matin et la lumière qu'Il y a placée. (Par la nuit quand elle s'assombrit (Saja)) : c'est-à-dire qu'elle se calme, s'assombrit, et les domine. Cela a été dit par Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd et d'autres. C'est une preuve claire de la puissance du Créateur de cette (lumière) et de cette (obscurité). Ceci
▼ 🇬🇧 English (Ibn Kathir — version officielle)
Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, `O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn `Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-`Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed, وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.) وَالضُّحَى - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, `His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى (Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)" In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it. وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (By the night when it darkens (Saja).) meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى (By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says, فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah then says, مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ (Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, `He has not abandoned you.' وَمَا قَلَى (nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, `He does not hate you.' The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاٍّولَى (And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.) meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat' He replied, «مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا» (I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas`udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned. Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza`i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed, وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى (And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn `Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif. A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger Allah says; أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوَى (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ فَهَدَى (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying, وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا (And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says, وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً فَأَغْنَى (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, «لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس» (Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said, «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه» (Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.) How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says, فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلاَ تَقْهَرْ (Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, `just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, `do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan." وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, `just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said, وَأَمَّا السَّآئِلَ فَلاَ تَنْهَرْ (And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness." وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ (And procalim the grace of your Lord.) meaning, `just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس» (Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih". Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said, «مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه» (Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
📜 Texte arabe source

( وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ ) : يقول: فاذكره.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم، قال: ثنا هشيم، عن أبي بشر، عن مجاهد، في قوله: ( وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ ) قال: بالنبوّة.

حدثني يعقوب، قال: ثنا ابن عُلَية، قال: ثنا سعيد بن إياس الجريريّ، عن أبى نضرة، قال: كان المسلمون يرون أن من شُكْرِ النعم أن يحدّثَ بها.

آخر تفسير سورة الضحى، ولله الحمد والشكر

Verset 1
Le propos sur l'interprétation de la parole d'Allah, que Sa majesté soit glorifiée et Ses noms sanctifiés : « Par le Dhuha » (1). Notre Seigneur, que Sa louange soit exaltée, jure par le Dhuha, qui est le jour entier, et je pense que cela vient de leur parole : « Dahuya » untel au soleil : s'il lui est apparu ; et de cela vient Sa parole : « Et que tu n'y auras ni soif, ni chaleur » : c'est-à-dire : le soleil ne t'atteindra pas. Et j'ai mentionné la divergence des savants sur son sens dans Sa parole : « Par le soleil et son Dhuha » avec ma mention de notre choix à ce sujet. Et il a été dit : ce qui est visé est le moment du Dhuha. * Mention de ceux qui ont dit cela : Bishr nous a rapporté, il dit : Yazid nous a rapporté, il dit : Sa'id nous a rapporté, d'après Qatada : « Par le Dhuha » : une heure parmi les heures du jour.
📜 Texte arabe source

القول في تأويل قوله جل جلاله وتقدست أسماؤه وَالضُّحَى (1)

أقسم ربنا جلّ ثناؤه بالضحى، وهو النهار كله، وأحسب أنه من قولهم: ضَحِيَ فلان للشمس: إذا ظهر منه؛ ومنه قوله: وَأَنَّكَ لا تَظْمَأُ فِيهَا وَلا تَضْحَى : أي لا يصيبك فيها الشمس.

وقد ذكرت اختلاف أهل العلم في معناه في قوله: وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا مع ذكري اختيارنا فيه. وقيل: عُنِي به وقت الضحى.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَالضُّحَى ) ساعة من ساعات النهار.

Verset 2
Et sa parole : « Et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise » : les gens de l'interprétation ont divergé sur son interprétation, et certains ont dit : son sens est : par la nuit quand elle vient avec ses ténèbres. * Mention de ceux qui ont dit cela : Muhammad ibn Sa'd m'a rapporté, il dit : mon père m'a rapporté, il dit : mon oncle m'a rapporté, il dit : mon père m'a rapporté, d'après son père, d'après Ibn Abbas : « Et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise » : il dit : par la nuit quand elle vient. Ibn Abd al-A'la nous a rapporté, il dit : Ibn Thawr nous a rapporté, d'après Ma'mar, d'après al-Hasan, au sujet de la parole d'Allah : « Et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise » : il dit : quand elle couvre les gens, quand elle vient. Et d'autres ont dit : plutôt, son sens est : quand elle s'en va. * Mention de ceux qui ont dit cela : Ali m'a rapporté, il dit : Abu Salih nous a rapporté, il dit : Mu'awiya m'a rapporté, d'après Ali, d'après Ibn Abbas : « Et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise » : il dit : quand elle s'en va. Et d'autres ont dit : son sens est : quand elle s'établit et se calme. * Mention de ceux qui ont dit cela : Ibn Humayd nous a rapporté, il dit : Mihran nous a rapporté ; et Abu Kurayb nous a rapporté, il dit : Waki' nous a rapporté, tous deux d'après Sufyan, d'après Ibn Abi Najih, d'après Mujahid : « Et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise » : il dit : quand elle s'établit. Muhammad ibn Amr m'a rapporté, il dit : Abu Asim nous a rapporté, il dit : Isa nous a rapporté ; et al-Harith m'a rapporté, il dit : al-Hasan nous a rapporté, il dit : Warqa' nous a rapporté, tous deux d'après Ibn Abi Najih, d'après Mujahid : « Et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise » : il dit : quand elle s'établit. Bishr nous a rapporté, il dit : Yazid nous a rapporté, il dit : Sa'id nous a rapporté, d'après Qatada : « Et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise » : elle se calme avec les créatures. On m'a rapporté d'après al-Husayn, que...
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) اختلف أهل التأويل في تأويله، فقال بعضهم: معناه: والليل إذا أقبل بظلامه.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) يقول: والليل إذا أقبل.

حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن الحسن، في قول الله: ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) قال: إذا لَبِسَ الناس، إذَا جاء.

وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: إذا ذهب.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني علي، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن علي، عن ابن عباس ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) يقول: إذا ذهب.

وقال آخرون: معناه: إذا استوى وسكن.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا ابن حُميد، قال: ثنا مِهْران؛ وحدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا وكيع، جميعا عن سفيان، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) قال: إذا استوى.

حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) قال: إذا استوى

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) سكن بالخلق.

حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول، في قوله: ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) يعني: استقراره وسكونه.

حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرني ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله: ( وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى ) قال: إذا سكن، قال: ذلك سجوه، كما يكون سكون البحر سجوه.

وأولى هذه الأقوال بالصواب عندي في ذلك قول من قال معناه: والليل إذا سكن بأهله، وثبت بظلامه، كما يقال: بحر ساج: إذا كان ساكنا؛ ومنه قول أعشى بني ثعلبة:

فَمَـا ذَنْبُنـا إنْ جـاشَ بَحْرُ ابنِ عَمِّكم

وَبحْـرُكَ سـاجٍ مـا يُوَارِي الدَّعامِصَا (4)

وقول الراجز:

يا حَبَّذَا القَمْرَاءُ وَاللَّيْلُ السَّاجْ

وطُرُقٌ مِثْلُ مُلاءِ النَّسَّاجْ (5)

Verset 3
Sa parole : « Ton Seigneur ne t’a ni abandonné, ni haï » (S93 V3) — ceci est la réponse au serment. Son sens : Il ne t’a pas quitté, ô Muhammad, ton Seigneur, et Il ne t’a pas détesté. On a dit aussi : « Et Il n’a pas haï » — c’est-à-dire : Il ne t’a pas haï, en se suffisant de la compréhension de l’auditeur, puisque cela a été précédé par Sa parole « Il ne t’a pas abandonné », ce qui fait comprendre que l’interpellé est le Prophète d’Allah, paix et salut sur lui. Et c’est ce que les gens de l’interprétation ont dit. * Mention de ceux qui l’ont dit : ‘Ali m’a rapporté, disant : Abou Salih nous a rapporté, disant : Mu‘awiya m’a rapporté, d’après ‘Ali, d’après Ibn ‘Abbas, au sujet de Sa parole : « Ton Seigneur ne t’a ni abandonné, ni haï » — il dit : Ton Seigneur ne t’a pas quitté et ne t’a pas détesté. Younous m’a rapporté, disant : Ibn Wahb nous a informés, disant : Ibn Zayd a dit au sujet de Sa parole : « Ton Seigneur ne t’a ni abandonné, ni haï » — il dit : Ton Seigneur ne t’a pas haï et ne t’a pas détesté ; il dit : le qālī (celui qui hait) est le détesteur. Et il a été mentionné que cette sourate a été révélée au Messager d’Allah, paix et salut sur lui, comme un démenti d’Allah à Quraysh dans leur parole au Messager d’Allah, lorsque la révélation s’était retardée pour lui : Muhammad a été abandonné par son Seigneur et haï. * Mention de la narration à ce sujet : ‘Ali ibn ‘Abdillah al-Dahhān m’a rapporté, disant : Mufaddal ibn Sālih nous a rapporté, d’après al-Aswad ibn Qays al-‘Abdī, d’après Ibn ‘Abdillah, disant : Lorsque Jibril s’est retardé pour le Messager d’Allah, paix et salut sur lui, une femme de sa famille, ou de son peuple, dit : Le diable a abandonné Muhammad. Alors Allah a révélé sur lui : « Par le matin »... jusqu’à Sa parole : « Ton Seigneur ne t’a ni abandonné, ni haï ». Abou Ja‘far dit : Ibn ‘Abdillah est Jundub ibn ‘Abdillah.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) وهذا جواب القسم، ومعناه: ما تركك يا محمد ربك وما أبغضك. وقيل: ( وَمَا قَلَى ) ومعناه. وما قلاك، اكتفاء بفهم السامع لمعناه، إذ كان قد تقدّم ذلك قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ ) فعرف بذلك أن المخاطب به نبيّ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني عليّ، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، في قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) يقول: ما تركك ربك، وما أبغضك.

حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) قال: ما قلاك ربك وما أبغضك؛ قال: والقالي: المبغِض.

وذُكر أن هذه السورة نـزلت على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تكذيبا من الله قريشا في قيلهم لرسول الله، لما أبطأ عليه الوحي: قد ودّع محمدًا ربه وقلاه.

* ذكر الرواية بذلك:

حدثني عليّ بن عبد الله الدهان، قال: ثنا مفضل بن صالح، عن الأسود بن قيس العبديّ، عن ابن عبد الله، قال: لما أبطأ جبريل على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقالت امرأة من أهله، أو من قومه: ودّع الشيطان محمدا، فأنـزل الله عليه: ( وَالضُّحَى )... إلى قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

قال أبو جعفر: ابن عبد الله: هو جندب بن عبد الله البجلي.

حدثني محمد بن عيسى الدامغاني، ومحمد بن هارون القطان، قالا ثنا &; 24-486 &; سفيان، عن الأسود بن قيس سمع جندبا البجليّ يقول: أبطأ جبريل على النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى قال المشركون: ودّع محمدا ربه، فأنـزل الله: ( وَالضُّحَى * وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى * مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا ابن المثنى، قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر، قال: ثنا شعبة، عن الأسود بن قيس، أنه سمع جندبا البجلي قال: قالت امرأة لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ما أرى صاحبك إلا قد أبطأ عنك، فنـزلت هذه الآية: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن الأسود بن قيس، قال سمعت جندب بن عبد الله يقول: إن امرأة أتت النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت: ما أرى شيطانك إلا قد تركك، فنـزلت: ( وَالضُّحَى * وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى * مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا ابن أبي الشوارب، قال: ثنا عبد الواحد بن زياد، قال: ثنا سليمان الشيباني، عن عبد الله بن شدّاد أن خديجة قالت للنبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ما أرى ربك إلا قد قلاك، فأنـزل الله: ( وَالضُّحَى * وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى * مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) قال: إن جبريل عليه السلام أبطأ عليه بالوحي، فقال ناس من الناس، وهم يومئذ بمكة، ما نرى صاحبك إلا قد قلاك فودّعك، فأنـزل الله ما تسمع: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، في قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) قال: أبطأ عليه جبريل، فقال المشركون: قد قلاه ربه وودّعه، فأنـزل الله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) مكث جبريل عن محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال المشركون: قد ودّعه ربه وقلاه، فأنـزل الله هذه الآية .

حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) قال: لما نـزل عليه القرآن، أبطأ عنه جبريل أياما، فعُيّر بذلك، فقال المشركون: ودّعه ربه وقلاه، فأنـزل الله: ( مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى ) .

حدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا وكيع، عن هشام بن عروة، عن أبيه، قال أبطأ جبريل على النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فجزع جزعا شديدا، وقالت خديجة: أرى ربك قد قلاك، مما نرى من جزعك، قال: فنـزلت ( وَالضُّحَى وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى )... إلى آخرها .

Verset 4
Sa parole : « Et la vie dernière est meilleure pour toi que la vie présente » (S93 V4) — Il dit, que Son rappel soit exalté : La demeure dernière, et ce qu’Allah t’y a préparé, est meilleure pour toi que la demeure d’ici-bas et ce qu’elle contient. Il dit : Ne t’attriste donc pas de ce qui t’en a échappé, car ce que tu as auprès d’Allah est meilleur pour toi que cela.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَلَلآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنَ الأولَى ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وللدار الآخرة، وما أعد الله لك فيها، خير لك من الدار الدنيا وما فيها. يقول: فلا تحزن على ما فاتك منها، فإن الذي لك عند الله خير لك منها.

Verset 5
Sa parole : « Et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt, et tu seras satisfait » (S93 V5) — Il dit, que Son rappel soit exalté : Et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt, ô Muhammad, dans la vie dernière, de Ses faveurs abondantes, jusqu’à ce que tu sois satisfait. Et les gens de science ont divergé sur ce don qui lui a été promis. Certains ont dit : c’est ce que — Moussa ibn Sahl al-Ramlī m’a rapporté, disant : ‘Amr ibn Hāshim nous a rapporté, disant : J’ai entendu al-Awzā‘ī rapporter, d’après Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Ubaydillah ibn Abī al-Muhājir al-Makhzūmī, d’après ‘Alī ibn ‘Abdillah ibn ‘Abbās, d’après son père, disant : On a montré au Messager d’Allah, paix et salut sur lui, ce qui serait ouvert à sa communauté après lui, conquête après conquête, et il s’en réjouit. Alors Allah a révélé : « Et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt, et tu seras satisfait » — et Il lui a donné au Paradis mille palais, dans chaque palais ce qu’il faut comme épouses et serviteurs. Muhammad ibn Khalaf al-‘Asqalānī m’a rapporté, disant : Rawwād ibn al-Jarrāh m’a rapporté, d’après al-Awzā‘ī, d’après Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Ubaydillah, d’après ‘Alī ibn ‘Abdillah ibn ‘Abbās, au sujet de Sa parole : « Et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt, et tu seras satisfait » — il dit : Mille palais de perles, dont le sol est de musc, et dans lesquels se trouve ce qui leur convient. Bishr nous a rapporté, disant : Yazīd nous a rapporté, disant : Sa‘īd nous a rapporté, d’après Qatāda : « Et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt, et tu seras satisfait » — cela est le Jour de la Résurrection. Et d’autres ont dit à ce sujet ce que ‘Abbād ibn Ya‘qūb m’a rapporté, disant : al-Hakam ibn Zuhayr nous a rapporté, d’après al-Suddī, d’après Ibn ‘Abbās, au sujet de Sa parole : « Et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt, et tu seras satisfait » — il dit : Parmi la satisfaction de Muhammad, paix et salut sur lui, est que nul de sa famille n’entre dans le Feu.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى ) يقول تعالى ذكره: ولسوف يعطيك يا محمد ربك في الآخرة من فواضل نعمه، حتى ترضى.

وقد اختلف أهل العلم في الذي وعده من العطاء، فقال بعضهم: هو ما

حدثني به موسى بن سهل الرملي، قال: ثنا عمرو بن هاشم، قال: سمعت الأوزاعيّ يحدّث، عن إسماعيل بن عبيد الله بن أبي المهاجر المخزومي، عن عليّ بن عبد الله بن عباس، عن أبيه، قال: عرض على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ما هو مفتوح على أمته من بعده كَفْرا كَفْرا، فسرّ بذلك، فأنـزل الله ( وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى ) فأعطاه في الجنة ألف قصر، في كلّ قصر، ما ينبغي من الأزواج والخدم .

حدثني محمد بن خلف العسقلاني، قال: ثني روّاد بن الجراح، عن الأوزاعيّ، عن إسماعيل بن عبيد الله، عن عليّ بن عبد الله بن عباس، في قوله: ( وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى ) قال: ألف قصر من لؤلؤ، ترابهنّ المسك، وفيهنّ ما يصلحهنّ.

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى ) ، وذلك يوم القيامة.

وقال آخرون في ذلك ما حدثني به عباد بن يعقوب، قال: ثنا الحكم بن ظهير، عن السديّ، عن ابن عباس، في قوله: ( وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى ) قال: من رضا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ألا يدخل أحد من أهل بيته النار.

Verset 6
Sa parole : « Ne t’a-t-Il pas trouvé orphelin, puis t’a accueilli ? » (S93 V6) — Il dit, que Son rappel soit exalté, en énumérant à Son Prophète Muhammad, paix et salut sur lui, Ses bienfaits auprès de lui, et en lui rappelant Ses grâces envers lui : Ne t’a-t-Il pas trouvé, ô Muhammad, orphelin, puis t’a accueilli ? Il dit : Il t’a fait un refuge où tu trouves asile, et une demeure où tu t’installes.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَى ) يقول تعالى ذكره معدّدا على نبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم نعمه عنده، ومذكِّره آلاءه قِبَله: ألم يجدك يا محمد ربك يتيمًا فآوى، يقول: فجعل لك مأوى تأوي إليه، ومنـزلا تنـزله .

Verset 7
« Et Il t’a trouvé égaré, puis t’a guidé » (S93 V7) — Et Il t’a trouvé sur autre chose que ce sur quoi tu es aujourd’hui. Et al-Suddī a dit à ce sujet ce que Ibn Humayd nous a rapporté, disant : Mihrān nous a rapporté, d’après al-Suddī : « Et Il t’a trouvé égaré » — il dit : Il était sur la voie de son peuple pendant quarante ans. Et on a dit : Cela signifie : Il t’a trouvé parmi un peuple égaré, puis t’a guidé.
📜 Texte arabe source

( وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالا فَهَدَى ) ووجدك على غير الذي أنت عليه اليوم.

وقال السديّ في ذلك ما حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن السديّ( وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالا ) قال: كان على أمر قومه أربعين عاما. وقيل: عُنِيَ بذلك: ووجدك في قوم ضلال فهداك.

Verset 8
Et Sa parole : « Et ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé pauvre, puis t'a enrichi ? » Il dit : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé nécessiteux, puis t'a enrichi ? » On dit de cela : « ʿāla » untel « yaʿīlu » « ʿayla », c'est-à-dire lorsqu'il devient pauvre ; et de cela vient la parole du poète : « Le pauvre ne sait pas quand viendra sa richesse, et le riche ne sait pas quand il deviendra pauvre » — c'est-à-dire : quand il s'appauvrira. Et c'est ce que les gens de l'interprétation ont dit à ce sujet. * Mention de ceux qui ont dit cela : Ibn Ḥumayd nous a rapporté, disant : Mihrān nous a rapporté, d'après Sufyān : « Et ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé pauvre » — c'est-à-dire nécessiteux. Et il a été mentionné que dans le muṣḥaf de ʿAbd Allāh, il est écrit : « Et ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé démuni, puis t'a donné refuge ? » Bishr nous a rapporté, disant : Yazīd nous a rapporté, disant : Saʿīd nous a rapporté, d'après Qatāda : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé orphelin, puis t'a donné refuge ? Et ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé égaré, puis t'a guidé ? Et ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé pauvre, puis t'a enrichi ? » Il dit : C'étaient les états du Messager d'Allah, paix et bénédictions sur lui, avant qu'Allah, gloire à Lui, ne l'envoie.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلا فَأَغْنَى ) يقول: ووجدك فقيرا فأغناك، يقال منه: عال فلان يَعيل عَيْلَة، وذلك إذا افتقر؛ ومنه قول الشاعر:

فَمَــا يَــدْرِي الفَقِـيرُ مَتـى غنـاهُ

وَمــا يَــدْرِي الغَنِـيُّ مَتـى يَعِيـلُ (6)

يعني: متى يفتقر.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان ( وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلا ) فقيرا.

وذُكر أنها في مصحف عبد الله ( وَوَجَدَكَ عَدِيما فآوَى ).

حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَى * وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالا فَهَدَى * وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلا فَأَغْنَى ) قال: كانت هذه منازل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، قبل أن يبعثه الله سبحانه وتعالى.

Verset 9
L'interprétation de la parole du Très-Haut : « Quant à l'orphelin, ne le traite pas avec dureté » (9). Il dit — que Sa mention soit exaltée — à Son Prophète Muḥammad, paix et bénédictions sur lui : « Quant à l'orphelin », ô Muḥammad, « ne le traite pas avec dureté » : c'est-à-dire ne lui fais pas d'injustice, en prenant son droit, par mépris de ta part envers lui. Comme Bishr nous l'a rapporté, disant : Yazīd nous a rapporté, disant : Saʿīd nous a rapporté, d'après Qatāda : « Quant à l'orphelin, ne le traite pas avec dureté » : c'est-à-dire ne lui fais pas d'injustice. Ibn Ḥumayd nous a rapporté, disant : Mihrān nous a rapporté, d'après Sufyān, d'après Manṣūr, d'après Mujāhid : « Quant à l'orphelin, ne le traite pas avec dureté » : il dit : ne le méprise pas et ne le rabaisse pas. Et il a été mentionné que dans le muṣḥaf de ʿAbd Allāh, il est écrit : « Ne le frappe pas ».
📜 Texte arabe source

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلا تَقْهَرْ (9)

يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: ( فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ ) يا محمد ( فَلا تَقْهَرْ ) يقول: فلا تظلمه، فتذهب بحقه، استضعافًا منك له.

كما حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلا &; 24-489 &; تَقْهَرْ ) : أي لا تظلم.

حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن منصور، عن مجاهد ( فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلا تَقْهَرْ ) قال: تُغْمِصْه وَتحْقِره . وذُكر أن ذلك في مصحف عبد الله ( فَلا تَكْهَرْ ).

Verset 10
Et Sa parole : « Et quant au demandeur, ne le repousse pas » : Il dit : et quant à celui qui te demande, ayant un besoin, ne le repousse pas, mais nourris-le et satisfais son besoin.
📜 Texte arabe source

وقوله: ( وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلا تَنْهَرْ ) يقول: وأما من سألك من ذي حاجة فلا تنهره، ولكن أطعمه واقض له حاجته .

Verset 11
« Et quant au bienfait de ton Seigneur, proclame-le » : Il dit : mentionne-le. Et c'est ce que les gens de l'interprétation ont dit à ce sujet. * Mention de ceux qui ont dit cela : Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm m'a rapporté, disant : Hushaym nous a rapporté, d'après Abū Bishr, d'après Mujāhid, au sujet de Sa parole : « Et quant au bienfait de ton Seigneur, proclame-le » : il dit : la prophétie. Yaʿqūb m'a rapporté, disant : Ibn ʿUlayya nous a rapporté, disant : Saʿīd ibn Iyās al-Jurayrī nous a rapporté, d'après Abū Naḍra, disant : Les musulmans considéraient que parmi les remerciements des bienfaits, il y avait le fait de les proclamer. Fin de l'interprétation de la sourate al-Ḍuḥā, et à Allah la louange et le remerciement.
📜 Texte arabe source

( وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ ) : يقول: فاذكره.

وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.

* ذكر من قال ذلك:

حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم، قال: ثنا هشيم، عن أبي بشر، عن مجاهد، في قوله: ( وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ ) قال: بالنبوّة.

حدثني يعقوب، قال: ثنا ابن عُلَية، قال: ثنا سعيد بن إياس الجريريّ، عن أبى نضرة، قال: كان المسلمون يرون أن من شُكْرِ النعم أن يحدّثَ بها.

آخر تفسير سورة الضحى، ولله الحمد والشكر

Verset 1
Sourate Ad-Duhâ — mecquoise selon l'unanimité. Elle comporte onze versets. Au nom d'Allah, le Tout Miséricordieux, le Très Miséricordieux. « Par le jour montant » — Sa parole : « Par le jour montant et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise » — le propos sur (Ad-Duhâ) a déjà été exposé, et ce qui est visé est le jour, en raison de Sa parole : « et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise » qu'Il a opposée à la nuit. Et dans la sourate (Al-A'râf) : « Sont-ils donc sûrs, les gens des cités, que Notre châtiment ne vienne pas les frapper de nuit pendant qu'ils dorment ? Ou sont-ils sûrs, les gens des cités, que Notre châtiment ne vienne pas les frapper au jour montant pendant qu'ils jouent ? » — c'est-à-dire de jour. Qatâda, Muqâtil et Ja'far as-Sâdiq dirent : Il jure par le jour montant où Allah parla à Mûsâ, et par la nuit de l'Ascension. Et l'on dit : c'est l'heure où les magiciens tombèrent prosternés. Sa preuve est Sa parole : « Et que les gens soient rassemblés au jour montant. » Et les gens du sens (des significations) dirent à son sujet et au sujet de ses semblables : il y a là une ellipse, et son sens est : « Par le Seigneur du jour montant. »
📜 Texte arabe source
سورة الضحىمكية باتفاق . وهي إحدى عشرة آيةبسم الله الرحمن الرحيموالضحىقوله تعالى : والضحى والليل إذا سجى قد تقدم القول في ( الضحى ) ، والمراد به النهار لقوله : والليل إذا سجى فقابله بالليل . وفي سورة ( الأعراف ) أفأمن أهل القرى أن يأتيهم بأسنا بياتا وهم نائمون أوأمن أهل القرى أن يأتيهم بأسنا ضحى وهم يلعبون أي نهارا . وقال قتادة ومقاتل وجعفر الصادق : أقسم بالضحى الذي كلم الله فيه موسى ، وبليلة المعراج . وقيل : هي الساعة التي خر فيها السحرة سجدا . بيانه قوله تعالى : وأن يحشر الناس ضحى . وقال أهل المعاني فيه وفي أمثاله : فيه إضمار ، مجازه ورب الضحى .
Verset 2
« Et s'apaise » — son sens est : se calme, dit Qatâda, Mujâhid, Ibn Zayd et 'Ikrima. On dit : « une nuit sâjiya » c'est-à-dire calme. Et on dit de l'œil lorsque son regard se calme : sâjiya. On dit : « sajâ al-layl, yasjû, sajwan » : lorsqu'il se calme. Et la mer lorsqu'elle se calme : sajâ. Al-A'shâ dit : « Quelle est notre faute si la mer du fils de ton oncle s'est agitée, alors que ta mer est calme, ne cachant pas les coquillages » Et le râjiz dit : « Qu'il est beau le clair de lune et la nuit calme, et un chemin semblable au tissu du tisserand » Et Jarîr dit : « Nous t'avons visée, le jour de votre départ, avec des yeux qui regardaient à travers les fentes des voiles, calmes » Ad-Dahhâk dit : « Sajâ » : il a couvert toute chose. Al-Asma'î dit : « Sajw al-layl » : le fait qu'il couvre le jour, comme l'homme se couvre d'un vêtement. Al-Hasan dit : « Il a enveloppé de son obscurité » — et c'est ce qu'a dit Ibn 'Abbâs. Et d'après lui : « lorsqu'il s'en va. » Et d'après lui aussi : « lorsqu'il s'obscurcit. » Sa'îd ibn Jubayr dit : « il s'approche » — et cela est aussi rapporté de Qatâda. Ibn Abî Najîh a rapporté d'après Mujâhid : « Sajâ » : il s'est stabilisé. Et la première opinion est la plus célèbre en langue : « Sajâ » : il s'est calmé, c'est-à-dire que les gens s'y calment. Comme on dit : « un jour jeûnant » et « une nuit debout (en prière) ». Et l'on dit : « Sajâ » : sa stabilité est la fixation de son obscurité et son équilibre. Et l'on dit : « Par le jour montant et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise » : c'est-à-dire Ses serviteurs qui L'adorent au moment du jour montant, et Ses serviteurs qui L'adorent pendant la nuit lorsqu'elle s'obscurcit. Et l'on dit : « Le jour montant » : c'est-à-dire la lumière du Paradis lorsqu'elle s'illumine. « Et la nuit quand elle s'apaise » : c'est-à-dire l'obscurité de la nuit lorsqu'elle s'obscurcit. Et l'on dit : « Par le jour montant » : c'est-à-dire la lumière qui est dans les cœurs des connaisseurs, à l'image du jour. « Et la nuit quand elle s'apaise » : c'est-à-dire la noirceur qui est dans les cœurs des mécréants, à l'image de la nuit. Allah — Gloire à Lui — a donc juré par ces choses.
📜 Texte arabe source
وسجا معناه : سكن قاله قتادة ومجاهد وابن زيد وعكرمة . يقال : ليلة ساجية أي ساكنة . ويقال للعين إذا سكن طرفها : ساجية . يقال : سجا الليل يسجو سجوا : إذا سكن . والبحر إذا سجا : سكن . قال الأعشى :فما ذنبنا أن جاش بحر ابن عمكم وبحرك ساج ما يواري الدعامصاوقال الراجز :يا حبذا القمراء والليل ساج وطرق مثل ملاء النساج[ ص: 82 ] وقال جرير :ولقد رمينك يوم رحن بأعين ينظرن من خلل الستور سواجيوقال الضحاك : سجا غطى كل شيء . قال الأصمعي : سجو الليل : تغطيته النهار مثلما يسجى الرجل بالثوب . وقال الحسن : غشي بظلامه وقاله ابن عباس . وعنه : إذا ذهب . وعنه أيضا : إذا أظلم . وقال سعيد بن جبير : أقبل وروي عن قتادة أيضا . وروى ابن أبي نجيح عن مجاهد : سجا استوى . والقول الأول أشهر في اللغة : سجا سكن أي سكن الناس فيه . كما يقال : نهار صائم ، وليل قائم . وقيل : سكونه استقرار ظلامه واستواؤه . ويقال : والضحى والليل إذا سجا : يعني عباده الذين يعبدونه في وقت الضحى ، وعباده الذين يعبدونه بالليل إذا أظلم . ويقال : الضحى : يعني نور الجنة إذا تنور . والليل إذا سجا : يعني ظلمة الليل إذا أظلم . ويقال : والضحى : يعني النور الذي في قلوب العارفين كهيئة النهار . والليل إذا سجا : يعني السواد الذي في قلوب الكافرين كهيئة الليل فأقسم الله - عز وجل - بهذه الأشياء .
Verset 3
« Ton Seigneur ne t'a pas abandonné » : c'est la réponse au serment. Gabriel - paix sur lui - avait tardé à venir au Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - et les polythéistes dirent : « Il l'a détesté et abandonné », alors ce verset fut révélé. Ibn Juraij dit : la révélation fut retenue douze jours. Ibn Abbas dit : quinze jours. On dit aussi : vingt-cinq jours. Muqatil dit : quarante jours. Les polythéistes dirent alors : « Muhammad a été abandonné par son Seigneur qui l'a détesté ; si sa cause venait de Dieu, Il aurait continué à lui envoyer la révélation, comme Il le faisait pour les prophètes avant lui. » Dans le Sahih al-Bukhari, d'après Jundub ibn Sufyan, il dit : « Le Messager de Dieu - paix et salut sur lui - tomba malade et ne se leva pas (pour prier) deux ou trois nuits. Une femme vint et dit : "Ô Muhammad, j'espère que ton démon t'a quitté, car je ne l'ai pas vu près de toi depuis deux ou trois nuits." Alors Dieu - Exalté soit-Il - révéla : "Par le matin et par la nuit quand elle s'apaise, ton Seigneur ne t'a pas abandonné et ne t'a pas détesté." » Dans le Tirmidhi, d'après Jundub al-Bajali, il dit : « J'étais avec le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - dans une grotte, et son doigt saigna. Le Prophète dit : "Tu n'es qu'un doigt qui a saigné, et dans le chemin de Dieu ce que tu as rencontré." Il dit : Gabriel tarda à venir, et les polythéistes dirent : "Muhammad a été abandonné." Alors Dieu - Béni et Exalté soit-Il - révéla : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a pas abandonné et ne t'a pas détesté." » Ce hadith est bon et authentique. Tirmidhi n'a pas mentionné « il ne se leva pas deux ou trois nuits » - il l'a omis. Bukhari l'a mentionné, et c'est ce qui est le plus correct à ce sujet. Et Dieu sait mieux. Al-Tha'labi l'a également rapporté d'après Jundub ibn Sufyan al-Bajali, qui dit : « Le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - fut frappé à son doigt par une pierre, et il saigna, alors il dit : "Tu n'es qu'un doigt qui a saigné, et dans le chemin de Dieu ce que tu as rencontré." Il resta deux ou trois nuits sans se lever pour la prière nocturne. Umm Jamil, femme d'Abu Lahab, lui dit : "Je ne vois ton démon que s'il t'a quitté, car je ne l'ai pas vu près de toi depuis deux ou trois nuits." Alors fut révélée la sourate al-Duha. » Et il est rapporté d'après Abu 'Imran al-Jawni, qui dit : « Gabriel tarda à venir au Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - au point que cela lui pesa. Il vint alors qu'il posait son front sur la Ka'ba en invoquant Dieu. Il lui donna une petite tape entre les épaules et lui révéla : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a pas abandonné et ne t'a pas détesté." » Khawla - qui servait le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - dit : « Un chiot entra dans la maison, se glissa sous le lit et mourut. Le Prophète de Dieu - paix et salut sur lui - resta plusieurs jours sans que la révélation ne descende sur lui. Il dit : "Ô Khawla, qu'est-il arrivé dans ma maison ? Pourquoi Gabriel ne vient-il pas à moi ?" Khawla dit : je dis : "Si je préparais la maison et la balayais." Je poussai le balai sous le lit, et voilà un chiot mort. Je le pris et le jetai derrière le mur. Le Prophète de Dieu vint, sa barbe tremblant - et quand la révélation descendait sur lui, le tremblement le saisissait - et il dit : "Ô Khawla, couvre-moi." Alors Dieu révéla cette sourate. Et quand elle fut révélée
📜 Texte arabe source
ما ودعك ربك هذا جواب القسم . وكان جبريل - عليه السلام - أبطأ على النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فقال المشركون : قلاه الله وودعه فنزلت الآية . وقال ابن جريج : احتبس عنه الوحي اثني عشر يوما . وقال ابن عباس : خمسة عشر يوما . وقيل : خمسة وعشرين يوما . وقال مقاتل : أربعين يوما . فقال المشركون : إن محمدا ودعه ربه وقلاه ، ولو كان أمره من الله لتابع عليه ، كما كان يفعل بمن كان قبله من الأنبياء . وفي البخاري عن جندب بن سفيان قال : اشتكى رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فلم يقم ليلتين أو ثلاثا فجاءت امرأة فقالت : يا محمد ، إني لأرجو أن يكون شيطانك قد تركك ، لم أره قربك منذ ليلتين أو ثلاث فأنزل الله - عز وجل - والضحى والليل إذا سجى ما ودعك ربك وما قلى .وفي الترمذي عن جندب البجلي قال : كنت مع النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - في غار فدميت أصبعه ، فقال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : هل أنت إلا أصبع دميت ، وفي سبيل الله ما لقيت قال : وأبطأ عليه جبريل فقال المشركون : قد ودع محمد فأنزل الله تبارك وتعالى : ما ودعك ربك وما قلى . هذا حديث حسن صحيح . لم يذكر الترمذي : ( فلم يقم ليلتين أو ثلاثا ) أسقطه الترمذي . وذكره البخاري ، وهو أصح ما قيل في ذلك . والله أعلم .وقد ذكره الثعلبي أيضا عن جندب بن سفيان البجلي ، قال : رمي النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - في إصبعه بحجر ، فدميت ، فقال : أنت إلا أصبع دميت ، وفي سبيل الله ما لقيت فمكث ليلتين أو ثلاثا لا يقوم الليل . فقالت له أم جميل امرأة أبي لهب : ما أرى شيطانك إلا قد [ ص: 83 ] تركك ، لم أره قربك منذ ليلتين أو ثلاث فنزلت والضحى . وروى عن أبي عمران الجوني ، قال : " أبطأ جبريل على النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - حتى شق عليه فجاء وهو واضع جبهته على الكعبة يدعو فنكت بين كتفيه ، وأنزل عليه : ما ودعك ربك وما قلى . وقالت خولة - وكانت تخدم النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : إن جروا دخل البيت ، فدخل تحت السرير فمات ، فمكث نبي الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أياما لا ينزل عليه الوحي . فقال : " يا خولة ، ما حدث في بيتي ؟ ما لجبريل لا يأتيني " قالت خولة فقلت : لو هيأت البيت وكنسته فأهويت بالمكنسة تحت السرير ، فإذا جرو ميت ، فأخذته فألقيته خلف الجدار فجاء نبي الله ترعد لحياه - وكان إذا نزل عليه الوحي استقبلته الرعدة - فقال : " يا خولة دثريني " فأنزل الله هذه السورة . ولما نزل جبريل سأل النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - عن التأخر فقال : " أما علمت أنا لا ندخل بيتا فيه كلب ولا صورة " .وقيل : لما سألته اليهود عن الروح وذي القرنين وأصحاب الكهف قال : " سأخبركم غدا " . ولم يقل إن شاء الله . فاحتبس عنه الوحي ، إلى أن نزل جبريل عليه بقوله : ولا تقولن لشيء إني فاعل ذلك غدا إلا أن يشاء الله فأخبره بما سئل عنه . وفي هذه القصة نزلت ما ودعك ربك وما قلى . وقيل : إن المسلمين قالوا : يا رسول الله ، ما لك لا ينزل عليك الوحي ؟ فقال : " وكيف ينزل علي وأنتم لا تنقون رواجبكم - وفي رواية براجمكم - ولا تقصون أظفاركم ولا تأخذون من شواربكم " . فنزل جبريل بهذه السورة فقال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " ما جئت حتى اشتقت إليك " فقال جبريل : " وأنا كنت أشد إليك شوقا ، ولكني عبد مأمور " ثم أنزل عليه وما نتنزل إلا بأمر ربك . ودعك بالتشديد : قراءة العامة ، من التوديع ، وذلك كتوديع المفارق . وروي عن ابن عباس وابن الزبير أنهما قرآه ( ودعك ) بالتخفيف ، ومعناه : تركك . قال :وثم ودعنا آل عمرو وعامر فرائس أطراف المثقفة السمرواستعماله قليل . يقال : هو يدع كذا ، أي يتركه . قال المبرد محمد بن يزيد : لا يكادون يقولون ودع ولا وذر ، لضعف الواو إذا قدمت ، واستغنوا عنها بترك .قوله تعالى : وما قلى أي ما أبغضك ربك منذ أحبك . وترك الكاف ; لأنه رأس آية . والقلى : البغض فإن فتحت القاف مددت تقول : قلاه يقليه قلى وقلاء . كما تقول : قريت الضيف أقريه قرى وقراء . ويقلاه : لغة طيئ . وأنشد ثعلب :[ ص: 84 ]أيام أم الغمر لا نقلاهاأي لا نبغضها . ونقلى أي نبغض . وقال [ كثير عزة ] :أسيئي بنا أو أحسني لا ملومة لدينا ولا مقلية إن تقلتوقال امرؤ القيس :صرفت الهوى عنهن من خشية الهوى ولست بمقلي الخلال ولا قالوتأويل الآية : ما ودعك ربك وما قلاك . فترك الكاف ; لأنه رأس آية كما قال - عز وجل - : والذاكرين الله كثيرا والذاكرات أي والذاكرات الله .
Verset 4
Parole de Dieu : « Et la vie dernière est meilleure pour toi que la vie présente. » Salama rapporte d'après Ibn Ishaq, il dit : « Et la vie dernière est meilleure pour toi que la vie présente » : c'est-à-dire ce qui m'est réservé pour ton retour vers moi, ô Muhammad, est meilleur pour toi que l'honneur que je t'ai accordé en ce monde. Ibn Abbas dit : « Le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - vit ce que Dieu ouvrirait à sa communauté après lui, et il s'en réjouit. Alors Gabriel descendit avec Sa parole : "Et la vie dernière est meilleure pour toi que la vie présente, et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt et tu seras satisfait." »
📜 Texte arabe source
قوله تعالى : وللآخرة خير لك من الأولىروى سلمة عن ابن إسحاق قال : وللآخرة خير لك من الأولى أي ما عندي في مرجعك إلي يا محمد ، خير لك مما عجلت لك من الكرامة في الدنيا . وقال ابن عباس : أري النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ما يفتح الله على أمته بعده فسر بذلك فنزل جبريل بقوله : وللآخرة خير لك من الأولى ولسوف يعطيك ربك فترضى .
Verset 5
Ibn Ishaq dit : la victoire en ce monde, et la récompense dans l'au-delà. On dit aussi : le Bassin et l'intercession. D'après Ibn Abbas : mille palais de perle blanche dont la terre est le musc. Al-Awza'i l'a élevé (au Prophète), il dit : Isma'il ibn 'Ubayd Allah m'a rapporté, d'après Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn Abbas, d'après son père, il dit : « Le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - vit ce qui serait ouvert à sa communauté, et il s'en réjouit. Alors Dieu - Exalté soit-Il - révéla : "Par le matin... jusqu'à Sa parole : Et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt et tu seras satisfait." Dieu - Glorifié soit-Il - lui donna mille palais au Paradis, dont la terre est le musc, dans chaque palais ce qui lui convient comme épouses et serviteurs. » Et d'après lui, il dit : « Muhammad fut satisfait que personne de sa famille n'entre en Enfer. » Al-Suddi dit aussi. On dit aussi : c'est l'intercession pour tous les croyants. D'après Ali - que Dieu l'agrée - il dit : « Le Messager de Dieu - paix et salut sur lui - dit : "Dieu m'accordera l'intercession pour ma communauté, jusqu'à ce que Dieu - Glorifié soit-Il - me dise : Es-tu satisfait, ô Muhammad ? Je dirai : Ô mon Seigneur, je suis satisfait." » Dans le Sahih Muslim, d'après Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As, le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - récita la parole de Dieu concernant Abraham : « Celui qui me suit est de moi, et celui qui me désobéit, Tu es Pardonneur et Miséricordieux » et la parole de Jésus : « Si Tu les châties, ils sont Tes serviteurs », puis il leva ses mains et dit : « Ô Dieu, ma communauté, ma communauté » et pleura. Dieu - Exalté soit-Il - dit à Gabriel : « Va à Muhammad - et ton Seigneur sait mieux - et demande-lui ce qui le fait pleurer. » Gabriel vint au Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - et lui demanda, et il l'informa. Dieu - Exalté soit-Il - dit à Gabriel : « Va à Muhammad et dis-lui : Dieu te dit : Nous te rendrons satisfait de ta communauté et ne te peinerons pas. » Et Ali - que Dieu l'agrée - dit aux gens d'Irak : « Vous dites que le verset le plus plein d'espoir dans le Livre de Dieu est : "Dis : Ô Mes serviteurs qui avez transgressé contre vous-mêmes, ne désespérez pas de la miséricorde de Dieu." Ils dirent : nous disons cela. Il dit : mais nous, gens de la maison, nous disons que le verset le plus plein d'espoir dans le Livre de Dieu est Sa parole : "Et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt et tu seras satisfait." » Et dans le hadith : « Quand ce verset fut révélé, le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - dit : "Alors, par Dieu, je ne serai pas satisfait tant qu'un seul de ma communauté sera en Enfer." »
📜 Texte arabe source
قال ابن إسحاق : الفلج في الدنيا ، والثواب في الآخرة . وقيل : الحوض والشفاعة . وعن ابن عباس : ألف قصر من لؤلؤ أبيض ترابه المسك . رفعه الأوزاعي ، قال : حدثني إسماعيل بن عبيد الله ، عن علي بن عبد الله بن عباس ، عن أبيه قال : أري النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ما هو مفتوح على أمته ، فسر بذلك فأنزل الله - عز وجل - ( والضحى - إلى قوله تعالى - ولسوف يعطيك ربك فترضى ) ، فأعطاه الله - جل ثناؤه - ألف قصر في الجنة ، ترابها المسك في كل قصر ما ينبغي له من الأزواج والخدم . وعنه قال : - رضي محمد ألا يدخل أحد من أهل بيته النار . وقال السدي . وقيل : هي الشفاعة في جميع المؤمنين . وعن علي - رضي الله عنه - قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : يشفعني الله في أمتي حتى يقول الله سبحانه لي : رضيت يا محمد ؟ فأقول يا رب رضيت .وفي صحيح مسلم عن ، عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - تلا قول الله تعالى في إبراهيم : فمن تبعني فإنه مني ومن عصاني فإنك غفور رحيم وقول عيسى : إن تعذبهم فإنهم عبادك ، فرفع يديه وقال : " اللهم أمتي [ ص: 85 ] أمتي " وبكى . فقال الله تعالى لجبريل : ( اذهب إلى محمد ، وربك أعلم ، فسله ما يبكيك ) فأتى جبريل النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فسأل فأخبره . فقال الله تعالى لجبريل : ( اذهب إلى محمد ، فقل له : إن الله يقول لك : إنا سنرضيك في أمتك ولا نسوءك ) .وقال علي - رضي الله عنه - لأهل العراق : إنكم تقولون إن أرجى آية في كتاب الله تعالى : قل يا عبادي الذين أسرفوا على أنفسهم لا تقنطوا من رحمة الله قالوا : إنا نقول ذلك . قال : ولكنا أهل البيت نقول : إن أرجى آية في كتاب الله قوله تعالى : ولسوف يعطيك ربك فترضى . وفي الحديث : لما نزلت هذه الآية قال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " إذا والله لا أرضى وواحد من أمتي في النار " .
Verset 6
Parole de Dieu : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé orphelin et t'a-Il accueilli ? » Il énumère - Glorifié soit-Il - Ses bienfaits sur Son Prophète Muhammad - paix et salut sur lui - et dit : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé orphelin » : sans père, ton père étant mort. « Et t'a-Il accueilli » : c'est-à-dire qu'Il t'a fait un refuge où tu trouves asile auprès de ton oncle Abu Talib, qui prit soin de toi. On demanda à Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq : « Pourquoi le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - fut-il orphelin de ses deux parents ? » Il dit : « Afin qu'aucune créature n'ait de droit sur lui. » D'après Mujahid : c'est le langage des Arabes qui disent « perle orpheline » pour une perle sans pareille. Le sens du verset serait donc : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé unique dans ta noblesse, sans pareil, et t'a-Il accueilli avec des compagnons qui te protègent et t'entourent ? »
📜 Texte arabe source
قوله تعالى : ألم يجدك يتيما فآوى عدد سبحانه مننه على نبيه محمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فقال : ألم يجدك يتيما لا أب لك قد مات أبوك . فآوى أي جعل لك مأوى تأوي إليه عند عمك أبي طالب ، فكفلك . وقيل لجعفر بن محمد الصادق : لم أوتم النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - من أبويه ؟ فقال : لئلا يكون لمخلوق عليه حق . وعن مجاهد : هو من قول العرب : درة يتيمة إذا لم يكن لها مثل . فمجاز الآية : ألم يجدك واحدا في شرفك لا نظير لك ، فآواك الله بأصحاب يحفظونك ويحوطونك .
Verset 7
Parole de Dieu : « Et ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé égaré et t'a-Il guidé ? » C'est-à-dire : ignorant ce qui t'était destiné de la prophétie, et Il t'a guidé : c'est-à-dire qu'Il t'a montré la voie. L'égarement ici a le sens d'inattention, comme Sa parole - Glorifié soit-Il : « Mon Seigneur ne s'égare ni n'oublie » : c'est-à-dire qu'Il n'est pas inattentif. Et Il dit à propos de Son Prophète : « Et tu étais auparavant parmi les inattentifs. » Un groupe dit : « égaré » : tu ne connaissais pas le Coran ni les lois, et Dieu t'a guidé vers le Coran et les lois de l'Islam - d'après al-Dahhak, Shahr ibn Hawshab et d'autres. C'est le sens de Sa parole : « Tu ne savais pas ce qu'était le Livre ni la foi », comme nous l'avons expliqué dans la sourate al-Shura. Un groupe dit : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé égaré » : c'est-à-dire parmi un peuple égaré, et Dieu les a guidés par toi. C'est la parole d'al-Kalbi et d'al-Farra'. Et d'après al-Suddi, quelque chose de semblable : c'est-à-dire qu'Il a trouvé ton peuple dans l'égarement, et t'a guidé vers leur redressement. On dit aussi : « égaré » : c'est-à-dire oublieux de la question de l'exception quand tu fus interrogé sur les gens de la caverne, Dhu al-Qarnayn et l'Esprit - et Il te l'a rappelé, comme Il dit : « Afin que l'une des deux ne s'égare » (c'est-à-dire n'oublie). On dit aussi : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé cherchant la direction de la prière (qibla) et t'a-Il guidé vers elle ? » Sa preuve : « Nous voyons ton visage se tourner vers le ciel » (le verset). L'égarement aurait alors le sens de recherche, car l'égaré est un chercheur. On dit aussi : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé perplexe quant à l'explication de ce qui t'était révélé, et t'a-Il guidé vers elle ? » L'égarement aurait alors le sens de perplexité, car l'égaré est perplexe. On dit aussi : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé perdu parmi ton peuple, et t'a-Il guidé vers lui ? » L'égarement aurait le sens de perte. On dit aussi : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé aimant la guidance, et t'a-Il guidé vers elle ? » L'égarement aurait le sens d'amour. De cela vient Sa parole : « Ils dirent : Par Dieu, tu es dans ton égarement ancien » : c'est-à-dire dans ton amour. Le poète dit : « Cet égarement a blanchi ma tête et mes tempes, sans que je sois certain... Étonnant pour 'Uzza dans le choix de ma séparation, après l'égarement, son lien s'est usé. » On dit aussi : « égaré » dans les vallées de la Mecque, et Il t'a guidé et t'a ramené à ton grand-père Abd al-Muttalib. Ibn Abbas dit : « Le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - s'égara étant petit dans les vallées de la Mecque. Abu Jahl le vit revenant de ses moutons et le ramena à son grand-père Abd al-Muttalib. Dieu lui fit grâce de cela, en le ramenant à son grand-père par les mains de son ennemi. » Sa'id ibn Jubayr dit : « Le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - sortit avec son oncle Abu Talib en voyage. Iblis saisit la bride de la chamelle dans une nuit obscure et la détourna du chemin. Gabriel - paix sur lui - vint, souffla sur Iblis d'un souffle qui le projeta jusqu'au pays de l'Inde, et le ramena à la caravane. Dieu lui fit grâce de cela. » Ka'b dit : « Quand Halima eut accompli son devoir d'allaitement, elle ramena le Messager de Dieu - paix et salut sur lui - pour le rendre à Abd al-Muttalib. Elle entendit à la porte de la Mecque : "Bienvenue à toi, ô plaine de la Mecque, aujourd'hui te reviennent la lumière, la religion, la splendeur et la beauté." Elle dit : je le posai pour arranger mes vêtements, et j'entendis un grand fracas, puis elle se retourna
📜 Texte arabe source
قوله تعالى : ووجدك ضالا فهدىأي غافلا عما يراد بك من أمر النبوة ، فهداك : أي أرشدك . والضلال هنا بمعنى الغفلة كقوله جل ثناؤه : لا يضل ربي ولا ينسى أي لا يغفل . وقال في حق نبيه : وإن كنت من قبله لمن الغافلين . وقال قوم : ضالا لم تكن تدري القرآن والشرائع ، فهداك الله إلى القرآن ، وشرائع الإسلام عن الضحاك وشهر بن حوشب وغيرهما . وهو معنى قوله تعالى : ما كنت تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان ، على ما بينا في سورة ( الشورى ) . وقال قوم : ووجدك ضالا أي في قوم ضلال ، فهداهم الله بك . هذا قول الكلبي والفراء . وعن السدي نحوه أي ووجد قومك في ضلال ، فهداك إلى إرشادهم . وقيل : ووجدك ضالا عن الهجرة ، فهداك إليها . وقيل : ضالا أي ناسيا شأن الاستثناء حين سئلت عن أصحاب الكهف وذي القرنين والروح - فأذكرك كما قال تعالى : أن تضل إحداهما . وقيل : ووجدك [ ص: 86 ] طالبا للقبلة فهداك إليها بيانه : قد نرى تقلب وجهك في السماء الآية . ويكون الضلال بمعنى الطلب ; لأن الضال طالب . وقيل : ووجدك متحيرا عن بيان ما نزل عليك ، فهداك إليه فيكون الضلال بمعنى التحير ; لأن الضال متحير . وقيل : ووجدك ضائعا في قومك فهداك إليه ويكون الضلال بمعنى الضياع . وقيل : ووجدك محبا للهداية ، فهداك إليها ويكون الضلال بمعنى المحبة . ومنه قوله تعالى : قالوا تالله إنك لفي ضلالك القديم أي في محبتك . قال الشاعر :هذا الضلال أشاب مني المفرقا والعارضين ولم أكن متحققا عجبا لعزة في اختيار قطيعتيبعد الضلال فحبلها قد أخلقاوقيل : ضالا في شعاب مكة ، فهداك وردك إلى جدك عبد المطلب . قال ابن عباس : ضل النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وهو صغير في شعاب مكة ، فرآه أبو جهل منصرفا عن أغنامه ، فرده إلى جده عبد المطلب فمن الله عليه بذلك ، حين رده إلى جده على يدي عدوه . وقال سعيد بن جبير : خرج النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - مع عمه أبي طالب في سفر ، فأخذ إبليس بزمام الناقة في ليلة ظلماء ، فعدل بها عن الطريق ، فجاء جبريل - عليه السلام - ، فنفخ إبليس نفخة وقع منها إلى أرض الهند ، ورده إلى القافلة فمن الله عليه بذلك . وقال كعب : إن حليمة لما قضت حق الرضاع ، جاءت برسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لترده على عبد المطلب ، فسمعت عند باب مكة : هنيئا لك يا بطحاء مكة ، اليوم يرد إليك النور والدين والبهاء والجمال . قالت : فوضعته لأصلح ثيابي ، فسمعت هدة شديدة ، فالتفت فلم أره ، فقلت : معشر الناس ، أين الصبي ؟ فقالوا : لم نر شيئا فصحت : وامحمداه فإذا شيخ فان يتوكأ على عصاه ، فقال : اذهبي إلى الصنم الأعظم ، فإن شاء أن يرده عليك فعل . ثم طاف الشيخ بالصنم ، وقبل رأسه وقال : يا رب ، لم تزل منتك على قريش ، وهذه السعدية تزعم أن ابنها قد ضل ، فرده إن شئت . فانكب ( هبل ) على وجهه ، وتساقطت الأصنام ، وقالت : إليك عنا أيها الشيخ ، فهلاكنا على يدي محمد . فألقى الشيخ عصاه ، وارتعد وقال : إن لابنك ربا لا يضيعه ، فاطلبيه على مهل . فانحشرت قريش إلى عبد المطلب ، وطلبوه في جميع مكة ، فلم يجدوه . فطاف عبد المطلب بالكعبة سبعا ، وتضرع إلى الله أن يرده ، وقال :يا رب رد ولدي محمدا اردده ربي واتخذ عندي يدايا رب إن محمد لم يوجدا فشمل قومي كلهم تبددا[ ص: 87 ] فسمعوا مناديا ينادي من السماء : معاشر الناس لا تضجوا ، فإن لمحمد ربا لا يخذله ولا يضيعه ، وإن محمدا بوادي تهامة ، عند شجرة السمر . فسار عبد المطلب هو وورقة بن نوفل ، فإذا النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قائم تحت شجرة ، يلعب بالأغصان وبالورق . وقيل : ووجدك ضالا ليلة المعراج ، حين انصرف عنك جبريل وأنت لا تعرف الطريق ، فهداك إلى ساق العرش . وقال أبو بكر الوراق وغيره : ووجدك ضالا : تحب أبا طالب ، فهداك إلى محبة ربك . وقال بسام بن عبد الله : ووجدك ضالا بنفسك لا تدري من أنت ، فعرفك بنفسك وحالك . وقال الجنيدي : ووجدك متحيرا في بيان الكتاب ، فعلمك البيان بيانه : لتبين للناس ما نزل إليهم الآية . لتبين لهم الذي اختلفوا فيه . وقال بعض المتكلمين : إذا وجدت العرب شجرة منفردة في فلاة من الأرض ، لا شجر معها ، سموها ضالة ، فيهتدى بها إلى الطريق فقال الله تعالى لنبيه محمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : ووجدك ضالا أي لا أحد على دينك ، وأنت وحيد ليس معك أحد فهديت بك الخلق إلي .قلت : هذه الأقوال كلها حسان ، ثم منها ما هو معنوي ، ومنها ما هو حسي . والقول الأخير أعجب إلي ; لأنه يجمع الأقوال المعنوية . وقال قوم : إنه كان على جملة ما كان القوم عليه ، لا يظهر لهم خلافا على ظاهر الحال فأما الشرك فلا يظن به بل كان على مراسم القوم في الظاهر أربعين سنة . وقال الكلبي والسدي : هذا على ظاهره أي وجدك كافرا والقوم كفار فهداك . وقد مضى هذا القول والرد عليه في سورة ( الشورى ) . وقيل : وجدك مغمورا بأهل الشرك ، فميزك عنهم . يقال : ضل الماء في اللبن ومنه أئذا ضللنا في الأرض أي لحقنا بالتراب عند الدفن ، حتى كأنا لا نتميز من جملته . وفي قراءة الحسن ووجدك ضال فهدى أي وجدك الضال فاهتدى بك وهذه قراءة على التفسير . وقيل : ووجدك ضالا لا يهتدي إليك قومك ، ولا يعرفون قدرك فهدى المسلمين إليك ، حتى آمنوا بك .
Verset 8
Sa parole : « Et ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé démuni, puis t'a enrichi ? » c'est-à-dire pauvre, sans biens. « Puis t'a enrichi » c'est-à-dire t'a enrichi par Khadija - qu'Allah soit satisfait d'elle -. On dit : « 'ala l-rajulu ya'îlu 'ayla » lorsqu'il devient pauvre. Et Aḥîḥa ibn al-Jallâḥ a dit : « Le pauvre ne sait pas quand il s'enrichira, et le riche ne sait pas quand il s'appauvrira » c'est-à-dire deviendra pauvre. Et Muqâtil a dit : « Il t'a rendu satisfait de ce qu'Il t'a donné comme subsistance. » Et al-Kalbî a dit : « Il t'a rendu content de la subsistance. » [p. 88] Et Ibn 'Aṭâ' a dit : « Il t'a trouvé pauvre d'âme, puis a enrichi ton cœur. » Et al-Akhfash a dit : « Il t'a trouvé ayant des personnes à charge, la preuve en est "puis t'a enrichi". » De cela vient la parole de Jarîr : « Allah a fait descendre dans le Livre une obligation pour le fils du chemin et pour le pauvre démuni. » Et on a dit : « Il t'a trouvé pauvre en arguments et preuves, puis t'en a enrichi. » Et on a dit : « Il t'a enrichi par ce qu'Il t'a ouvert comme conquêtes et ce qu'Il t'a fait revenir des biens des mécréants. » Al-Qushayrî a dit : « Ceci est discutable, car la sourate est mecquoise, et le jihad n'a été prescrit qu'à Médine. » La lecture générale est « 'â'ilan ». Ibn al-Samayqa' a lu « 'ayyalan » avec tashdîd, comme « ṭayyib » et « hayyin ».
📜 Texte arabe source
قوله تعالى : ووجدك عائلا فأغنىأي فقيرا لا مال لك . فأغنى أي فأغناك بخديجة - رضي الله عنها - يقال : عال الرجل يعيل عيلة : إذا افتقر . وقال أحيحة بن الجلاح :فما يدري الفقير متى غناه وما يدري الغني متى يعيلأي يفتقر . وقال مقاتل : فرضاك بما أعطاك من الرزق . وقال الكلبي : قنعك بالرزق . [ ص: 88 ] وقال ابن عطاء : ووجدك فقير النفس ، فأغنى قلبك . وقال الأخفش : وجدك ذا عيال دليله فأغنى . ومنه قول جرير :الله أنزل في الكتاب فريضة لابن السبيل وللفقير العائلوقيل : وجدك فقيرا من الحجج والبراهين ، فأغناك بها . وقيل : أغناك بما فتح لك من الفتوح ، وأفاءه عليك من أموال الكفار . القشيري : وفي هذا نظر ; لأن السورة مكية ، وإنما فرض الجهاد بالمدينة .وقراءة العامة عائلا . وقرأ ابن السميقع ( عيلا ) بالتشديد مثل طيب وهين .
Verset 9
Sa parole : « Quant à l'orphelin, ne le traite donc point avec dureté » c'est-à-dire ne te permets pas de l'opprimer, donne-lui son droit, et rappelle-toi ton propre orphelinat, a dit al-Akhfash. Et on a dit : ce sont deux formes verbales ayant le même sens. Et d'après Mujâhid : « Ne le traite point avec dureté » c'est-à-dire ne le méprise pas. Et al-Nakha'î et al-Ashhab al-'Uqaylî ont lu « takhar » avec un kâf, et c'est ainsi dans le mushaf d'Ibn Mas'ûd. Selon cette lecture, il est possible que ce soit une interdiction de l'opprimer, de lui faire du tort et de prendre ses biens. L'orphelin est spécifiquement mentionné car il n'a d'autre soutien qu'Allah, et Son ordre est rendu sévère, avec une punition aggravée pour celui qui l'opprime. Les Arabes interchangeaient parfois le kâf et le qâf. Al-Naḥâs a dit : « Ceci est une erreur, on dit seulement "kaharahu" lorsqu'on est dur et sévère avec lui. » Et dans le Ṣaḥîḥ de Muslim, d'après le hadith de Mu'âwiya ibn al-Ḥakam al-Sulamî, lorsqu'il parla pendant la prière en répondant au salut, il dit : « Par mon père et ma mère, je n'ai jamais vu un enseignant avant lui ni après lui meilleur que lui en pédagogie - il voulait dire le Messager d'Allah, paix et salut sur lui - par Allah, il ne m'a ni rudoyé, ni frappé, ni insulté... » le hadith. Et on a dit : « al-qahr » est la domination, et « al-kahr » est la réprimande. Le verset indique la bienveillance envers l'orphelin, sa bonté et son bienfait, au point que Qatâda a dit : « Sois pour l'orphelin comme un père miséricordieux. » Et il est rapporté d'Abû Hurayra qu'un homme se plaignit au Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - de la dureté de son cœur, il dit : « Si tu veux qu'il s'adoucisse, essuie la tête de l'orphelin et nourris le pauvre. » Et dans le Ṣaḥîḥ, d'après Abû Hurayra : que le Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - a dit : « Moi et celui qui prend en charge l'orphelin, pour lui ou pour un autre, serons comme ces deux-là au Paradis », et il montra l'index et le majeur. Et d'après [p. 89] le hadith d'Ibn 'Umar : que le Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - a dit : « Lorsque l'orphelin pleure, le Trône du Miséricordieux s'ébranle pour ses larmes, et Allah dit à Ses anges : Ô Mes anges, qui a fait pleurer cet orphelin dont J'ai caché le père sous la terre ? Les anges disent : Notre Seigneur, Tu sais mieux. Alors Allah dit à Ses anges : Ô Mes anges, soyez témoins que celui qui le fait taire et le satisfait, Je le satisferai au Jour de la Résurrection. » Ibn 'Umar, lorsqu'il voyait un orphelin, essuyait sa tête et lui donnait quelque chose. Et d'après Anas, il dit : le Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - a dit : « Celui qui accueille un orphelin et le prend en charge dans sa dépense et subvient à ses besoins, cela sera pour lui un voile contre le Feu au Jour de la Résurrection, et celui qui essuie la tête d'un orphelin aura pour chaque cheveu une bonne action. » Et Aktham ibn Ṣayfî a dit : « Les humiliés sont quatre : le rapporteur de propos, le menteur, l'endetté, et l'orphelin. »
📜 Texte arabe source
قوله تعالى : فأما اليتيم فلا تقهر أي لا تسلط عليه بالظلم ، ادفع إليه حقه ، واذكر يتمك قال الأخفش . وقيل : هما لغتان : بمعنى . وعن مجاهد فلا تقهر فلا تحتقر . وقرأ النخعي والأشهب العقيلي ( تكهر ) بالكاف ، وكذا هو في مصحف ابن مسعود . فعلى هذا يحتمل أن يكون نهيا عن قهره ، بظلمه وأخذ ماله . وخص اليتيم ; لأنه لا ناصر له غير الله تعالى فغلظ في أمره ، بتغليظ العقوبة على ظالمه . والعرب تعاقب بين الكاف والقاف . النحاس : وهذا غلط ، إنما يقال كهره : إذا اشتد عليه وغلظ . وفي صحيح مسلم من حديث معاوية بن الحكم السلمي ، حين تكلم في الصلاة برد السلام ، قال : فبأبي هو وأمي ما رأيت معلما قبله ولا بعده أحسن تعليما منه - يعني رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فوالله ما كهرني ، ولا ضربني ، ولا شتمني . . . الحديث . وقيل : القهر الغلبة . والكهر : الزجر .ودلت الآية على اللطف باليتيم ، وبره والإحسان إليه حتى قال قتادة : كن لليتيم كالأب الرحيم . وروي عن أبي هريرة أن رجلا شكا إلى النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قسوة قلبه فقال : " إن أردت أن يلين ، فامسح رأس اليتيم ، وأطعم المسكين " . وفي الصحيح عن أبي هريرة : أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : أنا وكافل اليتيم له أو لغيره كهاتين ، وأشار بالسبابة والوسطى .ومن [ ص: 89 ] حديث ابن عمر أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " إن اليتيم إذا بكى اهتز لبكائه عرش الرحمن ، فيقول الله تعالى لملائكته : يا ملائكتي ، من ذا الذي أبكى هذا اليتيم الذي غيبت أباه في التراب ، فتقول الملائكة ربنا أنت أعلم ، فيقول الله تعالى لملائكته : يا ملائكتي ، اشهدوا أن من أسكته وأرضاه ؟ أن أرضيه يوم القيامة " . فكان ابن عمر إذا رأى يتيما مسح برأسه ، وأعطاه شيئا . وعن أنس قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : من ضم يتيما فكان في نفقته ، وكفاه مؤونته ، كان له حجابا من النار يوم القيامة ، ومن مسح برأس يتيم كان له بكل شعرة حسنة . وقال أكثم بن صيفي : الأذلاء أربعة : النمام ، والكذاب ، والمديون ، واليتيم .
Verset 10
Sa parole : « Et quant au demandeur, ne le repousse pas » c'est-à-dire ne le réprimande pas, c'est une interdiction de lui parler durement. Mais réponds-lui par un don modeste, ou un refus gracieux, et rappelle-toi ta propre pauvreté, a dit Qatâda et d'autres. Et il est rapporté d'Abû Hurayra que le Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - a dit : « Que l'un de vous ne refuse pas le demandeur, et qu'il lui donne lorsqu'il demande, même s'il voyait dans sa main deux cœurs d'or. » Et Ibrâhîm ibn Adham a dit : « Quelle bonne communauté que les demandeurs : ils portent notre provision vers l'au-delà. » Et Ibrâhîm al-Nakha'î a dit : « Le demandeur est le courrier de l'au-delà, il vient à la porte de l'un de vous et dit : Envoyez-vous quelque chose à vos familles ? » Et il est rapporté que le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - a dit : « Répondez au demandeur par un don modeste, ou un refus gracieux, car il vient à vous quelqu'un qui n'est ni des humains ni des djinns, qui regarde comment vous agissez avec ce qu'Allah vous a accordé. » Et on a dit : le sens de « demandeur » ici est celui qui interroge sur la religion, c'est-à-dire ne le repousse pas avec dureté et rudesse, mais réponds-lui avec douceur et gentillesse, a dit Sufyân. Ibn al-'Arabî a dit : « Quant à celui qui interroge sur la religion, lui répondre est une obligation pour le savant, comme une obligation suffisante, au même titre que donner au demandeur de biens. » Abû al-Dardâ' regardait les gens du hadith, étendait son manteau pour eux et disait : « Bienvenue aux bien-aimés du Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui. » Et dans le hadith d'Abû Hârûn al-'Abdî, d'après Abû Sa'îd al-Khudrî, il dit : « Lorsque nous venions chez Abû Sa'îd, il disait : Bienvenue à la recommandation du Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - car le Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - a dit : Les gens vous suivront, et des hommes viendront à vous des contrées de la terre pour apprendre la religion. Lorsqu'ils viennent à vous, recommandez-vous de bien les traiter. » Et dans une autre version : « Des hommes viendront à vous de l'Orient... » puis il le mentionna. « L'orphelin » et « le demandeur » sont à l'accusatif à cause du verbe qui les suit, et la règle pour l'accusatif est qu'il vienne après le « fa », et l'estimation est : « Quoi qu'il en soit, ne traite pas l'orphelin avec dureté, et ne [p. 90] repousse pas le demandeur. » Et il est rapporté que le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - a dit : « J'ai demandé à mon Seigneur une demande et j'aurais aimé ne pas l'avoir faite : J'ai dit : Ô Seigneur, Tu as pris Ibrâhîm comme ami intime, Tu as parlé à Mûsâ directement, Tu as soumis avec Dâwûd les montagnes à glorifier, et Tu as donné à untel ceci et cela. Alors Il dit - Gloire à Lui - : Ne t'ai-Je pas trouvé orphelin et t'ai-Je accueilli ? Ne t'ai-Je pas trouvé égaré et t'ai-Je guidé ? Ne t'ai-Je pas trouvé démuni et t'ai-Je enrichi ? N'ai-Je pas ouvert ta poitrine ? Ne t'ai-Je pas donné ce que Je n'ai donné à personne avant toi : les clôtures de la sourate al-Baqara, ne t'ai-Je pas pris comme ami intime, comme J'ai pris Ibrâhîm comme ami intime ? J'ai dit : Oui, ô Seigneur. »
📜 Texte arabe source
قوله تعالى : وأما السائل فلا تنهر أي لا تزجره فهو نهي عن إغلاظ القول . ولكن رده ببذل يسير ، أو رد جميل ، واذكر فقرك قاله قتادة وغيره . وروي عن أبي هريرة أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : لا يمنعن أحدكم السائل ، وأن يعطيه إذا سأل ، ولو رأى في يده قلبين من ذهب . وقال إبراهيم بن أدهم : نعم القوم السؤال : يحملون زادنا إلى الآخرة . وقال إبراهيم النخعي : السائل بريد الآخرة ، يجيء إلى باب أحدكم فيقول : هل تبعثون إلى أهليكم بشيء . وروي أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : ردوا السائل ببذل يسير ، أو رد جميل ، فإنه يأتيكم من ليس من الإنس ولا من الجن ، ينظر كيف صنيعكم فيما خولكم الله . وقيل : المراد بالسائل هنا ، الذي يسأل عن الدين أي فلا تنهره بالغلظة والجفوة ، وأجبه برفق ولين قالهسفيان . قال ابن العربي : وأما السائل عن الدين فجوابه فرض على العالم ، على الكفاية كإعطاء سائل البر سواء . وقد كان أبو الدرداء ينظر إلى أصحاب الحديث ، ويبسط رداءه لهم ، ويقول : مرحبا بأحبة رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وفي حديث أبي هارون العبدي ، عن أبي سعيد الخدري ، قال : كنا إذا أتينا أبا سعيد يقول : مرحبا بوصية رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : إن الناس لكم تبع وإن رجالا يأتونكم من أقطار الأرض يتفقهون ، فإذا أتوكم فاستوصوا بهم خيرا . وفي رواية يأتيكم رجال من قبل المشرق . . . فذكره . واليتيم والسائل منصوبان بالفعل الذي بعده وحق المنصوب أن يكون بعد الفاء ، والتقدير : مهما يكن من شيء فلا تقهر اليتيم ، ولا [ ص: 90 ] تنهر السائل . وروي أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " سألت ربي مسألة وددت أني لم أسألها : قلت يا رب اتخذت إبراهيم خليلا ، وكلمت موسى تكليما ، وسخرت مع داود الجبال يسبحن ، وأعطيت فلانا كذا فقال - عز وجل - : ألم أجدك يتيما فآويتك ؟ ألم أجدك ضالا فهديتك ؟ ألم أجدك عائلا فأغنيتك ؟ ألم أشرح لك صدرك ؟ ألم أوتك ما لم أوت أحدا قبلك : خواتيم سورة البقرة ، ألم أتخذك خليلا ، كما اتخذت إبراهيم خليلا ؟ قلت بلى يا رب " .
Verset 11
Sa parole : « Et quant au bienfait de ton Seigneur, proclame-le » c'est-à-dire répands ce qu'Allah t'a accordé comme bienfait par la gratitude et la louange. Proclamer les bienfaits d'Allah et les reconnaître est une forme de gratitude. Et Ibn Abî Najîḥ a rapporté de Mujâhid : « Et quant au bienfait de ton Seigneur, proclame-le » il dit : le Coran. Et de lui : il dit : la prophétie, c'est-à-dire transmets ce pour quoi tu as été envoyé. Et l'adresse est au Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - et le jugement est général pour lui et pour les autres. Et d'après al-Ḥasan ibn 'Alî - qu'Allah les agrée - il dit : « Lorsque tu obtiens un bien, ou accomplis une bonne action, raconte-le à celui en qui tu as confiance parmi tes frères. » Et d'après 'Amr ibn Maymûn, il dit : « Lorsqu'un homme rencontrait un de ses frères en qui il avait confiance, il lui disait : Allah m'a accordé telle et telle prière la nuit dernière. » Et Abû Firâs 'Abd Allah ibn Ghâlib, lorsqu'il se levait le matin, disait : « Allah m'a accordé la nuit dernière ceci, j'ai lu ceci, j'ai prié ceci, j'ai mentionné Allah ceci, et j'ai fait ceci. » Nous lui dîmes : « Ô Abû Firâs, quelqu'un comme toi ne dit pas cela. » Il dit : « Allah dit : "Et quant au bienfait de ton Seigneur, proclame-le", et vous dites : Ne proclame pas le bienfait d'Allah. » Et quelque chose de semblable est rapporté d'Ayyûb al-Sakhtiyânî et d'Abû Rajâ' al-'Aṭâridî - qu'Allah les agrée -. Et Bakr ibn 'Abd Allah al-Muzanî a dit : le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - a dit : « Celui à qui un bien est donné et qui ne le montre pas sur lui, est appelé l'ennemi d'Allah, l'adversaire des bienfaits d'Allah. » Et al-Sha'bî a rapporté d'al-Nu'mân ibn Bashîr, il dit : le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - a dit : « Celui qui ne remercie pas pour le peu, ne remercie pas pour le beaucoup, et celui qui ne remercie pas les gens, ne remercie pas Allah. Proclamer les bienfaits est une gratitude, et les taire est une mécréance. L'unité est une miséricorde, et la division est un châtiment. » Et al-Nasâ'î a rapporté de Mâlik ibn Naḍla al-Jushamî, il dit : « J'étais assis auprès du Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - et il me vit en vêtements usés, il dit : As-tu des biens ? Je dis : Oui, ô Messager d'Allah, de tous les biens. Il dit : Lorsqu'Allah te donne des biens, que leur trace soit visible sur toi. » Et Abû Sa'îd al-Khudrî a rapporté du Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - qu'il a dit : « Allah est Beau et aime la beauté, et Il aime voir la trace de Son bienfait sur Son serviteur. » Chapitre : Le lecteur fait le takbîr dans la récitation d'al-Bazzî d'après Ibn Kathîr - et Mujâhid l'a rapporté d'Ibn 'Abbâs, [p. 91] d'Ubayy ibn Ka'b, du Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - : lorsqu'il atteint la fin de « wa-l-ḍuḥâ », il fait le takbîr entre chaque sourate, jusqu'à la fin du Coran, et il ne relie pas la fin de la sourate à son takbîr mais il les sépare par une pause. Et le sens de cela est que la révélation s'était interrompue du Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - pendant des jours, et des gens parmi les associateurs dirent : « Son compagnon l'a quitté et l'a détesté », alors cette sourate descendit, et il dit : « Allahu Akbar ». Mujâhid a dit : « J'ai lu devant Ibn 'Abbâs, et il m'a ordonné de le faire, et me l'a rapporté d'Ubayy du Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - », et on ne fait pas le takbîr dans la lecture des autres, car...
📜 Texte arabe source
قوله تعالى : وأما بنعمة ربك فحدث أي انشر ما أنعم الله عليك بالشكر والثناء . والتحدث بنعم الله ، والاعتراف بها شكر . وروى ابن أبي نجيح عن مجاهد وأما بنعمة ربك قال بالقرآن . وعنه قال : بالنبوة أي بلغ ما أرسلت به . والخطاب للنبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - والحكم عام له ولغيره . وعن الحسن بن علي - رضي الله عنهما - قال : إذا أصبت خيرا ، أو عملت خيرا ، فحدث به الثقة من إخوانك . وعن عمرو بن ميمون قال : إذا لقي الرجل من إخوانه من يثق به ، يقول له : رزق الله من الصلاة البارحة وكذا وكذا . وكان أبو فراس عبد الله بن غالب إذا أصبح يقول : لقد رزقني الله البارحة كذا ، قرأت كذا ، وصليت كذا ، وذكرت الله كذا ، وفعلت كذا . فقلنا له : يا أبا فراس ، إن مثلك لا يقول هذا قال يقول الله تعالى : وأما بنعمة ربك فحدث وتقولون أنتم : لا تحدث بنعمة الله ونحوه عن أيوب السختياني وأبي رجاء العطاردي - رضي الله عنهم - . وقال بكر بن عبد الله المزني قال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " من أعطي خيرا فلم ير عليه ، سمي بغيض الله ، معاديا لنعم الله " .وروى الشعبي عن النعمان بن بشير قال : قال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : من لم يشكو القليل ، لم يشكر الكثير ، ومن لم يشكر الناس ، لم يشكر الله ، والتحدث بالنعم شكر ، وتركه كفر ، والجماعة رحمة ، والفرقة عذاب . وروى النسائي عن مالك بن نضلة الجشمي قال : كنت عند رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - جالسا ، فرآني رث الثياب فقال : " ألك مال ؟ " قلت : نعم ، يا رسول الله ، من كل المال . قال : " إذا آتاك الله مالا فلير أثره عليك " . وروى أبو سعيد الخدري عن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أنه قال : إن الله جميل يحب الجمال ، ويحب أن يرى أثر نعمته على عبده .فصل : يكبر القارئ في رواية البزي عن ابن كثير - وقد رواه مجاهد عن ابن عباس ، [ ص: 91 ] عن أبي بن كعب ، عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : إذا بلغ آخر والضحى كبر بين كل سورة تكبيرة ، إلى أن يختم القرآن ، ولا يصل آخر السورة بتكبيره بل يفصل بينهما بسكتة . وكأن المعنى في ذلك أن الوحي تأخر عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أياما ، فقال ناس من المشركين : قد ودعه صاحبه وقلاه فنزلت هذه السورة فقال : " الله أكبر " . قال مجاهد : قرأت على ابن عباس ، فأمرني به ، وأخبرني به عن أبي عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ولا يكبر في قراءة الباقين ; لأنها ذريعة إلى الزيادة في القرآن .قلت : القرآن ثبت نقلا متواترا سوره وآياته وحروفه لا زيادة فيه ولا نقصان فالتكبير على هذا ليس بقرآن . فإذا كان بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم المكتوب في المصحف بخط المصحف ليس بقرآن ، فكيف بالتكبير الذي هو ليس بمكتوب . أما أنه ثبت سنة بنقل الآحاد ، فاستحبه ابن كثير ، لا أنه أوجبه فخطأ من تركه . ذكر الحاكم أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله الحافظ في كتاب ( المستدرك ) له على البخاري ومسلم : حدثنا أبو يحيى محمد بن عبد الله بن محمد بن عبد الله بن يزيد ، المقرئ الإمام بمكة ، في المسجد الحرام ، قال : حدثنا أبو عبد الله محمد بن علي بن زيد الصائغ ، قال : حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن القاسم بن أبي بزة : سمعت عكرمة بن سليمان يقول : قرأت على إسماعيل بن عبد الله بن قسطنطين ، فلما بلغت والضحى قال لي كبر عند خاتمة كل سورة حتى تختم ، فإني قرأت على عبد الله بن كثير فلما بلغت والضحى قال : كبر حتى تختم . وأخبره عبد الله بن كثير أنه قرأ على مجاهد ، وأخبره مجاهد أن ابن عباس أمره بذلك ، وأخبره ابن عباس أن أبي بن كعب أمره بذلك ، وأخبره أبي بن كعب أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أمره بذلك . هذا حديث صحيح ولم يخرجاه .
Verset 1
Mecquoise. Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi nous a rapporté, Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi nous a rapporté, Muhammad ibn Yusuf nous a rapporté, Muhammad ibn Isma'il nous a rapporté, Ahmad ibn Yunus nous a rapporté, Zuhayr nous a rapporté, al-Aswad ibn Qays a dit : J'ai entendu Jundub ibn Sufyan dire : Le Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - tomba malade et ne se leva pas pour prier deux ou trois nuits. Une femme vint alors et dit : Ô Muhammad, j'espère que ton démon t'a quitté, car je ne l'ai pas vu près de toi depuis deux ou trois nuits. Allah - Gloire à Lui - révéla alors : (Par le matin et par la nuit quand elle s'étend, ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné ni détesté). On dit que cette femme était Umm Jamil, l'épouse d'Abu Lahab. Les exégètes ont dit : Les Juifs interrogèrent le Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - sur Dhu al-Qarnayn, les gens de la caverne et l'Esprit. Il dit : Je vous informerai demain, sans dire : Si Allah le veut. La révélation fut alors retenue de lui. Zayd ibn Aslam dit : La cause de la rétention de Jibril - paix sur lui - était la présence d'un chiot dans sa maison. Quand il descendit, le Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - lui reprocha son retard. Il dit : Nous n'entrons pas dans une maison où il y a un chien ou une image. Ils divergèrent sur la durée de la rétention de la révélation. Ibn Jurayj dit : Douze jours. Ibn Abbas dit : Quinze jours. Muqatil dit : Quarante jours. Ils dirent : Les polythéistes dirent alors : Muhammad a été abandonné par son Seigneur et détesté. Allah révéla cette sourate. Le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - dit : Ô Jibril, tu n'es pas venu jusqu'à ce que j'aie eu hâte de te voir. Jibril dit : J'étais encore plus avide de te voir, mais je suis un serviteur obéissant aux ordres. Allah révéla alors : Nous ne descendons que par l'ordre de ton Seigneur (Maryam - 64). Sa parole - Gloire à Lui - : (Par le matin) Il jure par le matin et Il veut
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مكية

أخبرنا عبد الواحد المليحي ، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله النعيمي ، أخبرنا محمد بن يوسف ، حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل ، حدثنا أحمد بن يونس ، حدثنا زهير ، حدثنا الأسود بن قيس قال : سمعت جندب بن سفيان قال : اشتكى رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فلم يقم ليلتين أو ثلاثا فجاءت امرأة فقالت : يا محمد إني لأرجو أن يكون شيطانك قد تركك ، لم أره قربك منذ ليلتين أو ثلاث ، فأنزل الله - عز وجل - : ( والضحى والليل إذا سجى ما ودعك ربك وما قلى ) .

وقيل : إن المرأة التي قالت ذلك أم جميل امرأة أبي لهب .

وقال المفسرون سألت اليهود ، رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - عن ذي القرنين وأصحاب الكهف وعن الروح ؟ فقال : سأخبركم غدا ، ولم يقل : إن شاء الله ، فاحتبس عنه الوحي .

وقال زيد بن أسلم : كان سبب احتباس جبريل - عليه السلام - عنه كون جرو في بيته ، فلما نزل عاتبه رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - على إبطائه ، فقال : إنا لا ندخل بيتا فيه كلب [ أو ] صورة .

واختلفوا في مدة احتباس الوحي عنه ، فقال ابن جريج : اثنا عشر يوما . وقال ابن عباس : خمسة عشر يوما . وقال مقاتل : أربعون يوما .

قالوا : فقال المشركون : إن محمدا ودعه ربه وقلاه ، فأنزل الله تعالى هذه السورة ، فقال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " يا جبريل ما جئت حتى اشتقت إليك " ، فقال جبريل : " إني كنت أشد شوقا [ إليك ] ، ولكني عبد مأمور " ، فأنزل : وما نتنزل إلا بأمر ربك ( مريم - 64 ) .

قوله - عز وجل - : ( والضحى ) أقسم بالضحى وأراد به النهار كله ، بدليل أنه قابله بالليل [ فقال والليل ] إذا سجى ، نظيره : قوله : " أوأمن أهل القرى أن يأتيهم بأسنا ضحى " ( الأعراف - 98 ) أي نهارا .

وقال قتادة ومقاتل : يعني وقت الضحى ، وهي الساعة التي فيها ارتفاع الشمس ، واعتدال النهار في الحر والبرد والصيف والشتاء

Verset 2
(Et par la nuit quand elle s'étend) al-Hasan dit : Elle s'avance avec son obscurité, c'est la narration d'al-'Awfi d'après Ibn Abbas. al-Walibi dit d'après lui : Quand elle s'en va. Ata et al-Dahhak dirent : Elle couvre toute chose d'obscurité. Mujahid dit : Elle s'établit. Qatada et Ibn Zayd dirent : Son obscurité s'apaise et se stabilise, n'augmentant plus après cela. On dit : nuit sâjiya et mer sâjiya (quand elle est calme).
📜 Texte arabe source

( والليل إذا سجى ) قال الحسن : أقبل بظلامه ، وهي رواية العوفي عن ابن عباس ، وقال الوالبي عنه : إذا ذهب ، قال عطاء والضحاك : غطى كل شيء بالظلمة . وقال مجاهد : استوى . وقال قتادة وابن زيد : سكن واستقر ظلامه فلا يزداد بعد ذلك . يقال : ليل ساج وبحر ساج [ إذا كان ساكنا ] .

Verset 3
Sa parole - Exalté soit-Il : "Ton Seigneur ne t'a ni abandonné ni détesté" - c'est la réponse au serment, c'est-à-dire : Il ne t'a pas quitté depuis qu'Il t'a choisi, et Il ne t'a pas détesté depuis qu'Il t'a aimé.
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قوله تعالى: "ما ودعك ربك وما قلى"، هذا جواب القسم، أي ما تركك منذ اختارك ولا أبغضك منذ أحبك.

Verset 4
"Et la vie dernière est meilleure pour toi que la vie présente" - al-Mutahhar ibn Ali al-Farisi nous a rapporté, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Salihani nous a rapporté, Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ja'far Abu al-Shaykh al-Hafiz nous a rapporté, Ibn Abi Asim nous a rapporté, Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shayba nous a rapporté, Mu'awiya ibn Hisham d'après Ali ibn Salih d'après Yazid ibn Ziyad d'après Ibrahim d'après Alqama d'après Abd Allah a dit : Le Messager d'Allah - paix et salut sur lui - a dit : "Nous sommes une famille pour laquelle Allah a choisi la vie dernière plutôt que la vie présente."
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"وللآخرة خير لك من الأولى" حدثنا المطهر بن علي الفارسي ، أخبرنا محمد بن إبراهيم [ الصالحاني ] ، أخبرنا عبد الله بن محمد بن جعفر أبو الشيخ الحافظ ، أخبرنا ابن أبي عاصم ، أخبرنا أبو بكر بن أبي شيبة ، أخبرنا معاوية بن هشام عن علي بن صالح عن يزيد بن زياد عن إبراهيم عن علقمة عن عبد الله قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " إنا أهل بيت اختار الله لنا الآخرة على الدنيا " .

Verset 5
"Et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt et tu seras satisfait" - Ata dit d'après Ibn Abbas : C'est l'intercession en faveur de sa communauté jusqu'à ce qu'il soit satisfait, c'est aussi la parole d'Ali et d'al-Hasan. Nous avons rapporté d'Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As que le Prophète - paix et salut sur lui - dit : "Ô Allah, ma communauté, ma communauté" et il pleura. Allah dit : Ô Jibril, va vers Muhammad et dis-lui : Nous te rendrons satisfait de ta communauté et ne t'affligerons pas à leur sujet. Harb ibn Shurayh dit : J'ai entendu Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali dire : Vous, gens d'Irak, dites que le verset le plus plein d'espoir dans le Coran est : "Dis : Ô Mes serviteurs qui avez commis des excès contre vous-mêmes, ne désespérez pas de la miséricorde d'Allah" - mais nous, gens de la maison, disons que le verset le plus plein d'espoir dans le Livre d'Allah est : "Et ton Seigneur te donnera bientôt et tu seras satisfait" concernant la récompense. On dit aussi : concernant la victoire, l'établissement et l'abondance des croyants, (et tu seras satisfait).
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( ولسوف يعطيك ربك فترضى ) قال عطاء عن ابن عباس : هو الشفاعة في أمته حتى يرضى ، وهو قول علي والحسن .

وروينا عن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " اللهم أمتي أمتي وبكى ، فقال الله : يا جبريل اذهب إلى محمد فقل له إنا سنرضيك في أمتك ، ولا نسوءك فيهم " .

وقال حرب بن شريح سمعت أبا جعفر محمد بن علي يقول : إنكم يا معشر أهل العراق تقولون : أرجى آية في القرآن : " قل ياعبادي الذين أسرفوا على أنفسهم لا تقنطوا من رحمة الله " ، وإنا أهل البيت نقول : أرجى آية في كتاب الله " ولسوف يعطيك ربك فترضى " من الثواب . وقيل : من النصر والتمكين وكثرة المؤمنين ، ( فترضى )

Verset 6
Puis Allah - Gloire à Lui - L'informa de Son état avant la révélation, et Lui rappela Ses bienfaits en disant : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé orphelin, alors Il t'a accueilli ? » Abou Saïd Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Sharihi nous a rapporté, Abou Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tha'labi nous a rapporté en disant : Abd Allah ibn Hamid al-Asfahani m'a informé, Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Naysaburi nous a rapporté, Muhammad ibn Isa nous a rapporté, Abou Amr al-Juwayni et Abou al-Rabi' al-Zahrani nous ont dit : Hammad ibn Zayd nous a rapporté, d'après Ata' ibn al-Sa'ib, d'après Sa'id ibn Jubayr, d'après Ibn Abbas - qu'Allah les agrée - qui a dit : Le Messager d'Allah - paix et bénédictions sur lui - a dit : « J'ai demandé à mon Seigneur une chose et j'aurais souhaité ne pas L'avoir demandée. J'ai dit : Ô Seigneur, Tu as donné à Sulayman ibn Dawud un royaume immense, et Tu as donné à untel ceci, et à untel cela ? Il dit : Ô Muhammad, ne t'ai-Je pas trouvé orphelin et ne t'ai-Je pas accueilli ? Je dis : Si, ô mon Seigneur. Il dit : Ne t'ai-Je pas trouvé égaré et ne t'ai-Je pas guidé ? Je dis : Si, ô mon Seigneur. Il dit : Ne t'ai-Je pas trouvé pauvre et ne t'ai-Je pas enrichi ? Je dis : Si, ô mon Seigneur. » Et un autre ajouta d'après Hammad : « N'ai-Je pas élargi ta poitrine et n'ai-Je pas déposé ton fardeau ? Je dis : Si, ô mon Seigneur. » Et le sens du verset : Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé orphelin et petit, pauvre, lorsque tes deux parents sont morts sans te laisser ni argent ni refuge, alors Il t'a fait un refuge où t'abriter, et t'a confié à ton oncle Abou Talib qui prit soin de ton éducation et subvint à tes besoins.
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ثم أخبره الله - عز وجل - عن حالته التي كان عليها قبل الوحي ، وذكره نعمه فقال جل ذكره : ( ألم يجدك يتيما فآوى ) أخبرنا أبو سعيد أحمد بن إبراهيم الشريحي ، أخبرنا أبو إسحاق أحمد بن محمد بن إبراهيم الثعلبي فقال : أنبأني عبد الله بن حامد الأصفهاني ، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله النيسابوري ، حدثنا محمد بن عيسى أنا أبو عمرو الجويني وأبو الربيع الزهراني قالا حدثنا حماد بن زيد عن عطاء بن السائب عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس رضي الله تعالى عنهما قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " سألت ربي مسألة وددت أني لم أكن سألته ، قلت : يا رب إنك آتيت سليمان بن داود ملكا عظيما ، وآتيت فلانا كذا وآتيت فلانا كذا ؟ قال : يا محمد ألم أجدك يتيما فآويتك ؟ قلت : بلى ، أي رب [ قال : ألم أجدك ضالا فهديتك ؟ قلت : بلى أي رب ، قال : ألم أجدك عائلا فأغنيتك ؟ قلت : بلى أي رب " ، وزاد غيره عن حماد قال : ألم أشرح لك صدرك ووضعت عنك وزرك ؟ قلت : بلى أي رب ] .

ومعنى الآية : ألم يجدك يتيما صغيرا فقيرا حين مات أبواك ولم يخلفا لك مالا ولا مأوى ، فجعلت لك مأوى تأوي إليه ، وضممتك إلى عمك أبي طالب حتى أحسن تربيتك وكفاك المؤنة .

Verset 7
« Et ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé égaré » c'est-à-dire égaré de ce sur quoi tu es « puis Il t'a guidé » c'est-à-dire : Il t'a guidé vers l'unicité et la prophétie. Al-Hasan, al-Dahhak et Ibn Kaysan ont dit : « Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé égaré » c'est-à-dire ignorant des marques de la prophétie et des prescriptions de la Loi, puis Il t'y a guidé, comme Il a dit : « Et tu étais, avant cela, parmi les insouciants » (Yusuf, 3), et Il a dit : « Tu ne savais pas ce qu'étaient le Livre ni la foi » (al-Shura, 52). Et il fut dit : égaré dans les vallées de La Mecque, puis Il t'a guidé vers ton grand-père Abd al-Muttalib. Abou al-Duha a rapporté d'après Ibn Abbas que le Messager d'Allah - paix et bénédictions sur lui - s'égara dans les vallées de La Mecque alors qu'il était un petit enfant ; Abou Jahl le vit revenant de ses moutons et le ramena à Abd al-Muttalib. Et Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib a dit : Le Messager d'Allah - paix et bénédictions sur lui - sortit avec son oncle Abou Talib dans la caravane de Maysara, serviteur de Khadija. Alors qu'il chevauchait une nuit obscure une chamelle, Iblis vint, saisit la bride de la chamelle et le détourna du chemin. Jibril vint alors et souffla sur Iblis d'un souffle qui le projeta jusqu'en terre d'Abyssinie, et le ramena à la caravane. Allah lui fit ainsi une faveur. Et il fut dit : Il t'a trouvé égaré, ne sachant pas qui tu étais, et Il t'a fait connaître toi-même et ta condition.
📜 Texte arabe source

( ووجدك ضالا ) يعني ضالا عما أنت عليه ( فهدى ) أي : فهداك للتوحيد والنبوة .

قال الحسن والضحاك وابن كيسان : " ووجدك ضالا " عن معالم النبوة وأحكام الشريعة غافلا عنها ، فهداك إليها ، [ كما قال ] " وإن كنت من قبله لمن الغافلين " ( يوسف - 3 ) وقال : " ما كنت تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان " ( الشورى - 52 ) .

وقيل : ضالا في شعاب مكة فهداك إلى جدك عبد المطلب وروى أبو الضحى عن ابن عباس أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : ضل في شعاب مكة وهو صبي صغير ، فرآه أبو جهل منصرفا عن أغنامه فرده إلى عبد المطلب .

وقال سعيد بن المسيب : خرج رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - مع عمه أبي طالب في قافلة ميسرة غلام خديجة فبينما هو راكب ذات ليلة ظلماء ناقة إذ جاء إبليس فأخذ بزمام الناقة فعدل به عن الطريق ، فجاء جبريل فنفخ إبليس نفخة وقع منها إلى أرض الحبشة ، ورده إلى القافلة فمن الله عليه بذلك . وقيل : وجدك ضالا [ ضال ] نفسك لا تدري من أنت ، فعرفك نفسك وحالك .

Verset 8
« Et ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé pauvre, alors Il t'a enrichi » c'est-à-dire : pauvre, alors Il t'a enrichi par les biens de Khadija, puis par les butins. Muqatil a dit : Il t'a satisfait de ce qu'Il t'a donné de subsistance. Al-Farra' a choisi cela et a dit : Il n'était pas riche par l'abondance des biens, mais Allah l'a satisfait de ce qu'Il lui a donné, et c'est cela la véritable richesse. Hassan ibn Sa'id al-Mani'i nous a rapporté, Abou Tahir Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmesh al-Ziyadi nous a informé, Abou Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Qattan nous a rapporté, Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Sulami nous a rapporté, Abd al-Razzaq nous a rapporté, Ma'mar nous a rapporté, d'après Hammam ibn Munabbih qui a dit : Abou Hurayra nous a rapporté, qui a dit : Le Messager d'Allah - paix et bénédictions sur lui - a dit : « La richesse n'est pas l'abondance des biens, mais la richesse est la richesse de l'âme. » Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi nous a rapporté, Abou Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Zaghartani nous a informé, Ahmad ibn Sa'id nous a rapporté, Abou Yahya Muhammad ibn Abd Allah nous a rapporté, mon père nous a rapporté, Shurahbil ibn Sharik m'a rapporté, d'après Abou Abd al-Rahman al-Hubli, d'après Abd Allah ibn Amr, que le Messager d'Allah - paix et bénédictions sur lui - a dit : « A réussi celui qui s'est soumis, a reçu une subsistance suffisante, et Allah l'a rendu satisfait de ce qu'Il lui a donné. »
📜 Texte arabe source

( ووجدك عائلا فأغنى ) أي فقيرا فأغناك بمال خديجة ثم بالغنائم .

وقال مقاتل : [ فأرضاك ] بما أعطاك من الرزق . واختاره الفراء . وقال : لم يكن غنيا عن كثرة المال ولكن الله [ أرضاه ] بما آتاه وذلك حقيقة الغنى .

أخبرنا حسان بن سعيد المنيعي أنبأنا أبو طاهر محمد بن محمد بن محمش الزيادي ، أخبرنا أبو بكر محمد بن الحسين القطان ، حدثنا أحمد بن يوسف السلمي ، حدثنا عبد الرزاق أنا معمر عن همام بن منبه أنه قال أخبرنا أبو هريرة قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " ليس الغنى عن كثرة العرض ، ولكن الغنى غنى النفس " .

أخبرنا عبد الواحد المليحي ، أخبرنا أبو عبد الله محمد بن الحسين الزغرتاني . أخبرنا أحمد بن سعيد أخبرنا أبو يحيى محمد بن عبد الله ، حدثنا أبي ، حدثني شرحبيل بن شريك عن أبي عبد الرحمن الحبلي عن عبد الله بن عمرو أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " قد أفلح من أسلم ورزق كفافا وقنعه الله بما آتاه " .

Verset 9
Puis Il lui recommanda les orphelins et les pauvres en disant : « Quant à l'orphelin, ne le maltraite pas » Mujahid a dit : ne méprise pas l'orphelin, car tu fus toi-même orphelin. Al-Farra' et al-Zajjaj ont dit : ne le maltraite pas au sujet de ses biens en prenant son droit en raison de sa faiblesse, car c'est ainsi que les Arabes agissaient avec les orphelins, prenant leurs biens et les privant de leurs droits. Abou Bakr Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Abi Tawba nous a rapporté, Abou Tahir Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Harith nous a informé, Abou al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kisa'i nous a rapporté, Abd Allah ibn Mahmud nous a informé, Abou Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Khallal nous a rapporté, Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak nous a rapporté, d'après Sa'id ibn Abi Ayyub, d'après Yahya ibn Sulayman, d'après Yazid ibn Abi Attab, d'après Abou Hurayra, d'après le Prophète - paix et bénédictions sur lui - qui a dit : « La meilleure maison parmi les musulmans est celle où se trouve un orphelin bien traité, et la pire maison parmi les musulmans est celle où se trouve un orphelin maltraité », puis il dit avec ses doigts : « Moi et celui qui prend soin de l'orphelin serons au Paradis ainsi », en montrant ses deux doigts, l'index et le majeur.
📜 Texte arabe source

ثم أوصاه باليتامى والفقراء فقال: ( فأما اليتيم فلا تقهر ) قال مجاهد : لا تحقر اليتيم فقد كنت يتيما . وقال الفراء والزجاج : لا تقهره على ماله فتذهب بحقه لضعفه ، وكذا كانت العرب تفعل في أمر اليتامى ، تأخذ أموالهم وتظلمهم حقوقهم .

أخبرنا أبو بكر محمد عبد الله بن أبي توبة ، أخبرنا أبو طاهر محمد بن أحمد بن الحارث ، أخبرنا أبو الحسن محمد بن يعقوب الكسائي ، أخبرنا [ عبد الله ] بن محمود ، أخبرنا أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن الخلال ، حدثنا عبد الله بن المبارك عن سعيد بن أبي أيوب عن يحيى [ بن ] سليمان عن يزيد بن أبي عتاب عن أبي هريرة عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " خير بيت في المسلمين بيت فيه يتيم يحسن إليه ، وشر بيت في المسلمين بيت فيه يتيم يساء إليه " ، ثم قال بأصبعيه : " أنا وكافل اليتيم [ في الجنة ] هكذا [ وهو يشير ] بأصبعيه [ السبابة والوسطى ] " .

Verset 10
« Et quant au demandeur, ne le repousse pas » Les exégètes ont dit : il s'agit du solliciteur à la porte, c'est-à-dire : ne le repousse pas, ne le chasse pas s'il te demande, car tu fus toi-même pauvre ; soit tu le nourris, soit tu lui réponds avec douceur. On dit : nahr et intahar, lorsqu'on l'accueille avec des paroles qui le repoussent. Qatada a dit : réponds au demandeur avec miséricorde et douceur. Ibrahim ibn Adham a dit : Quels bons gens que les solliciteurs, ils portent nos provisions vers l'au-delà. Et Ibrahim a dit : le demandeur veut l'au-delà, il vient à la porte de l'un de vous et dit : enverrez-vous quelque chose à vos familles ? Et il fut rapporté d'al-Hasan concernant Sa parole : « Quant au demandeur, ne le repousse pas », il a dit : c'est le chercheur de science.
📜 Texte arabe source

( وأما السائل فلا تنهر ) قال المفسرون : يريد السائل على الباب ، يقول : لا تنهره لا تزجره إذا سألك ، فقد كنت فقيرا فإما أن تطعمه وإما أن ترده ردا لينا ، يقال : نهره وانتهره إذا استقبله بكلام يزجره .

وقال قتادة : رد السائل برحمة ولين . قال إبراهيم بن أدهم : نعم القوم السؤال يحملون زادنا إلى الآخرة .

وقال إبراهيم : السائل يريد الآخرة يجيء إلى باب أحدكم فيقول : هل توجهون إلى أهليكم بشيء ؟

وروي عن الحسن في قوله : " أما السائل فلا تنهر " ، قال : طالب العلم .

Verset 11
« Et quant au bienfait de ton Seigneur, proclame-le » — Moujahid a dit : cela signifie la prophétie, rapporté de lui par Abou Bishr, et c'est l'avis choisi par Az-Zajjaj, qui a dit : c'est-à-dire transmets ce pour quoi tu as été envoyé, et proclame la prophétie qu'Allah t'a donnée. Al-Layth a rapporté de Moujahid : cela signifie le Coran, et c'est l'avis d'Al-Kalbi, il lui a ordonné de le réciter. Mouqatil a dit : remercie pour les bienfaits mentionnés sur toi dans cette sourate — la prise en charge de l'orphelin, la guidance après l'égarement, et l'enrichissement après le dénuement — et proclamer le bienfait d'Allah est une forme de gratitude. Abou Sa'id Bakr ibn Mouhammad ibn Mouhammad ibn Mahmi Al-Bastami nous a rapporté, Abou Al-Hassan Abd Ar-Rahman ibn Ibrahim ibn Mouhammad ibn Yahya ibn Sakhtawayh nous a rapporté, Abd Allah ibn Mouhammad ibn Al-Husayn An-Nasrabadi nous a informé, Ali ibn Sa'id An-Nasawi nous a rapporté, Sa'id ibn 'Ufayr nous a rapporté, Yahya ibn Ayyoub nous a rapporté d'après 'Umarah ibn Ghaziyya d'après Shurahbil, affranchi des Ansar, d'après Jabir ibn Abd Allah que le Messager d'Allah — paix et bénédictions sur lui — a dit : « Celui à qui l'on fait une faveur doit la récompenser ; s'il ne trouve pas de quoi la récompenser, qu'il en fasse l'éloge, car s'il en fait l'éloge, il l'a remerciée, et s'il la dissimule, il l'a reniée. Et celui qui se pare de ce qu'il n'a pas reçu est comme celui qui porte deux vêtements de mensonge. » Abou Sa'id Ash-Shirahi nous a rapporté, Abou Ishaq At-Tha'labi nous a rapporté, Al-Husayn ibn Mouhammad ibn Al-Husayn nous a rapporté, Ahmad ibn Mouhammad ibn Ishaq nous a rapporté, Abou Al-Qasim ibn Mani' nous a rapporté, Mansour ibn Abi Muzahim nous a rapporté, Waki' nous a rapporté d'après Abou Abd Ar-Rahman, c'est-à-dire Al-Qasim ibn Al-Walid, d'après Ash-Sha'bi, d'après An-Nu'man ibn Bashir qui a dit : j'ai entendu le Messager d'Allah — paix et bénédictions sur lui — dire sur le minbar : « Celui qui ne remercie pas pour peu ne remerciera pas pour beaucoup, et celui qui ne remercie pas les gens ne remercie pas Allah le Très-Haut. Proclamer le bienfait d'Allah est une gratitude, et le taire est une mécréance. La communauté est une miséricorde, et la division est un châtiment. » Et la Sunna — dans la lecture des gens de La Mecque — est de dire le takbir depuis le début de la sourate « Ad-Duha » à la fin de chaque sourate jusqu'à la fin du Coran, en disant : Allahou Akbar. Le cheikh, l'imam, le plus éminent, le revivificateur de la Sunna, le défenseur du hadith, le guide des imams, le propagateur de la religion.
📜 Texte arabe source

( وأما بنعمة ربك فحدث ) قال مجاهد يعني النبوة ، روى عنه أبو بشر واختاره الزجاج وقال : أي بلغ ما أرسلت به ، وحدث بالنبوة التي آتاك [ الله ] .

وقال الليث عن مجاهد : يعني القرآن وهو قول الكلبي ، أمره أن [ يقرأ به ] .

وقال مقاتل : اشكر لما ذكر من النعمة عليك في هذه السورة من جبر اليتيم والهدى بعد الضلالة والإغناء بعد العيلة ، والتحدث بنعمة الله شكرا .

أخبرنا أبو سعيد بكر بن محمد بن محمد بن محمي البسطامي ، حدثنا أبو الحسن عبد الرحمن بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى بن سختويه ، أخبرنا عبد الله بن محمد بن الحسين النصر أبادي ، [ حدثنا علي بن سعيد النسوي ] أخبرنا سعيد بن عفير ، حدثنا يحيى بن أيوب عن عمارة بن غزية عن شرحبيل مولى الأنصاري ، عن جابر بن عبد الله أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " من صنع إليه معروف فليجز به ، فإن لم يجد ما يجزي به فليثن عليه فإنه إذا أثنى عليه فقد شكره ، وإن كتمه فقد كفره ، ومن تحلى بما لم يعط كان كلابس ثوبين من زور " .

أخبرنا أبو سعيد الشريحي أخبرنا أبو إسحاق الثعلبي ، أخبرنا الحسين بن محمد بن الحسين ، حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن إسحاق ، حدثنا أبو القاسم بن منيع ، حدثنا منصور بن أبي مزاحم ، حدثنا وكيع عن أبي عبد الرحمن يعني القاسم بن الوليد ، عن الشعبي ، عن النعمان بن بشير قال : سمعت رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يقول على المنبر : " من لم يشكر القليل لم يشكر الكثير ، ومن لم يشكر الناس لم يشكر الله تعالى ، التحدث بنعمة الله شكر ، وتركه كفر ، والجماعة رحمة والفرقة عذاب " .

والسنة - في قراءة أهل مكة - أن يكبر من أول سورة " والضحى " على رأس كل سورة حتى يختم القرآن ; فيقول : الله أكبر .

قال الشيخ الإمام الأجل محيي السنة ناصر الحديث قدوة الأئمة ناشر الدين ركن الإسلام إمام الأئمة مفتي الشرق أبو محمد الحسين بن مسعود رحمه الله : كذلك قرأته على الإمام المقرئ أبي نصر محمد بن أحمد بن علي الحامدي بمرو ، قال : قرأت على أبي القاسم طاهر بن علي الصيرفي ، قال : قرأت على أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن مهران ، قال : قرأت على أبي علي محمد بن أحمد بن حامد الصفار المقرئ ، قال : قرأت على أبي بكر محمد بن موسى الهاشمي ، قال : قرأت على أبي ربيعة والحسين بن محمد الحداد ، وهما قرآ على أبي الحسين بن أبي بزة وأخبرهما [ ابن أبي بزة ] أنه قرأ على عكرمة بن سليمان بن كثير المكي ، وأخبره عكرمة أنه قرأ على شبل بن عباد وإسماعيل بن قسطنطين ، وأخبراه أنهما قرآ على عبد الله بن كثير ، وأخبرهما عبد الله [ بن كثير - رضي الله عنهم أجمعين ] أنه قرأ على مجاهد ، وأخبره مجاهد أنه قرأ على ابن عباس ، وأخبره ابن عباس أنه قرأ على أبي بن كعب .

وأخبرنا الإمام المقرئ أبو نصر محمد بن أحمد بن علي وقرأت عليه بمرو ، وقال : أنا الشريف أبو القاسم علي بن محمد الزيدي بالتكبير ، وقرأت عليه بثغر حران ، قال : حدثنا أبو بكر محمد بن الحسن بن زياد الموصلي المعروف بالنقاش ، وقرأت عليه بمدينة السلام ، حدثنا أبو ربيعة محمد بن إسحاق الربعي ، وقرأت عليه بمكة قال : حدثنا أبو الحسن أحمد بن محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي [ بزة ] ، وقرأت عليه قال لي : قرأته على عكرمة بن سليمان ، وأخبرني أنه قرأ على إسماعيل بن قسطنطين وشبل بن عباد قال فلما بلغت " والضحى " قالا لي : كبر حتى تختم ، مع خاتمة كل سورة ، فإنا قرأنا على ابن كثير فأمرنا بذلك ، وأخبرنا أنه قرأ على مجاهد فأمره بذلك ، وأخبره مجاهد أنه قرأ على ابن عباس [ فأمره بذلك ] ، وأخبره ابن عباس أنه قرأ على أبي بن كعب فأمره بذلك وأخبره أبي أنه قرأ على النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فأمره بذلك .

وكان سبب التكبير أن الوحي لما احتبس قال المشركون هجره شيطانه ، وودعه ، فاغتم النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لذلك ، فلما نزل " والضحى " كبر رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فرحا بنزول الوحي ، فاتخذوه سنة .

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